Diagnóstico precoz de melanoma con dermatoscopia

La dermatoscopia es una técnica diagnóstica de amplio uso en dermatología, que fue inicialmente diseñada para el diagnóstico precoz de melanoma y se ha extendido a la patología tumoral benigna y la patología inflamatoria. Recientemente se ha publicado una muy importante revisión Cochrane sobre la dermatoscopia, con y sin inspección visual, para el diagnóstico de melanoma en adultos que indica que es más exacta cuando se interpreta con el paciente presente. Existen diferentes equipos y tipos de luz, polarizada y no polarizada. Aunque existen aplicaciones de la dermatoscopia en patología inflamatoria y tumoral benigna, nos centraremos en la mejoría diagnóstica del melanoma pues un retraso diagnóstico de una lesión que es un melanoma puede conllevar un retraso en la extirpación, mayor espesor de Breslow y un peor pronóstico con riesgo de metátasis y fallecimiento. Se han descrito los diferentes criterios dermatoscópicos para los diferentes tipos de melanomas (extensión superficial, nodular, lentigo maligno melanoma, lentiginoso acral, subungueal, de mucosas, nevoide y melanoma sobre nevus congénito). Se debe tener especial cuidado con la detección de melanomas en cuero cabelludo, por su peor pronóstico. En pacientes de alto riesgo de melanoma, con múltiples nevusatípicos y o antecedentes de varios melanomas en familiares; se aconsejan las pruebas de seguimiento con fotografía corporal total y dermatoscopia digital.Dermoscopyis a widely used diagnostic technique in dermatology, initially designed for early diagnosis of melanoma extended to diagnosis of benigns tumors and inflammatory pathology. Recently a very important Cochrane about dermoscopy, with and without visual inspection, has been published; indicating that dermoscopy is more accurate for diagnosis of melanoma when patient is present. There are different types of dermoscopy, polarized and non polarized. Although there are applications of dermoscopy for inflammatory and benign pathology, we will concentrate on improvement on diagnosis of melanoma. A delay in diagnosis of melanoma will lead to delay in surgery, greater Breslow thickness and worse prognosis with risk of metastasis and death. Criteria for different types of melanoma have been described (superficial spreading, nodular, lentigo maligno melanoma, acral lentiginous, subungueal, mucosa, nevoid and melanoma in congenital nevus). Detection of scalp melanoma may be taken into consideration due to worse prognosis. In high risk patients for melanoma, total photography and digital dermoscopy are recommended

High-Performance Computational Electromagnetic Methods Applied to the Design of Patch Antenna with EBG Structure

In this contribution High-Performance Computing electromagnetic methods are applied to the design of a patch antenna combined with EBG structure in order to obtain bandwidth enhancement. The electrical characteristics of the embedded structure (patch antenna surrounded by EBG unit cells) are evaluated by means of method of moment technique (MoM) whereas for designing the unit cell, the finite element method (FEM) together with the Bloch-Floquet theory is used. The manufactured prototypes are characterized in terms of return loss and radiation pattern in an anechoic chamber

A thin c-band polarization and incidence angle-insensitive metamaterial perfect absorber

A novel metamaterial absorber design able to operate in the C frequency band is presented, along with an analysis and a method to improve both its bandwidth and its angular stability. Simulation results for a FR4-based design are shown for comparison with existing designs. In addition, a simplified equivalent circuit is provided for a better understanding of the great angular stability and wide bandwidth exhibited by the proposed structure. Moreover, simulations, manufacturing and measurements of a thinner and more flexible metamaterial absorber, keeping the angular stability of the former one, while providing a wide bandwidth, are presente

On the introduction of lumped inductors for optimizing UHF band AMCs in terms of size and angular stability

Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC, 2017, Loughborough, UK

Angular stability of metasurface perfect absorbers: advances on the design and limitations on measurement

XXXII Simposium Nacional de la Unión Científica Internacional de Radio, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 6 a 8 de septiembre de 2017, Cartagena (España)The aim of this contribution is twofold. On the one hand, some guidelines will be given in order to improve the metasurface absorbers’ (MTAs) angular stability. In order to show that, two angularly stable MTAs are presented taking into consideration the common design specifications (resonance frequency, peak absorption, available dielectric materials and suitable bandwidth) that a designer has to meet. These MTAs are not only angularly stable but also its profile is extremely thin and hence, they can be conformed to whatever objects due to its flexibility. On the other hand, it will be provided a deep insight on the measurement limitations. A quasi-monostatic measurement set-up will be presented to perform measurements under both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations varying the angle of incidence. The restrictions in the angular margin that can be measured according to the size of the manufactured finite MTA will be presente

Monostatic and Bistatic Measurements of Metasurfaces on Anechoic Chamber and a Comparison with Electromagnetic Simulations

European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (13th. 2019. Krakow, Poland

Facing the Angular Stabilization of Loop-Based Artificial Magnetic Conductors Through Lumped Inductors

2017 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA), 11 a 15 de septiembre de 2017, Verona (Italia)This work focuses in achieving the angular stabilization of a square loop-based AMC from a novel approach: by exploring the possibilities of introducing lumped inductors. The study is conducted considering the typical constraints an actual designer has to cope with (concerning limited size and dielectric thickness and properties). As a result, a stable AMC in the 5.8GHz band is obtained, meeting the design requirements. Due to its effectiveness, the novel developed methodology can be directly extended to enhance the angular stability of any loop-based AMC, wide spreading their application

Zirconia-Based Ultra-Thin Compact Flexible CPW-Fed Slot Antenna for IoT

An ultra-thin compact flexible CPW-fed slot monopole antenna suitable for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications was achieved as a result of exploring the use of Zirconia-based ENrG’s Thin E-Strate® for the antenna’s design. The electromagnetic characterization of the novel material at the frequency range of interest was analyzed. A comparison was made concerning the required dimensions and the simulation results regarding impedance matching and radiation properties, for three different dielectric substrates: Novel flexible ceramic (ENrG’s Thin E-Strate), rigid Arlon 25N, and flexible Polypropylene (PP). Two different metallization techniques—electrotextile-based and inkjet printing—were used in the fabrication of prototypes based on ENrG’s Thin E-Strate. Return losses measured results for the fabricated prototypes with both procedures was compared, as well as with simulation. The best prototype on the ENrG’s Thin E-Strate was compared with one on Arlon 25N, in terms of radiation properties in an anechoic chamber, and conclusions were drawn

Thalamic interaction between the input and the output systems of the basal ganglia

The striatal return through the thalamus is largely neglected in current studies dealing with basal ganglia function, and its role within this circuitry remains obscure. In this contribution the thalamus is regarded as an important place of interaction between the input and the output organization of the basal ganglia. In support of this idea, a brief overview is provided of some of the most recent findings concerning the thalamus in relation to the basal ganglia circuitry. In particular, we have focused on the thalamostriatal projections themselves, on the output of the basal ganglia to the thalamus and also on the overlapping territories between the thalamic projection of the output nuclei and the thalamostriatal neurons. These data support the existence of several thalamic feedback circuits within the basal ganglia neural system. Finally, some considerations are provided upon the functional significance of these thalamic feedback circuits in the overall organization of the basal ganglia