152 research outputs found
In Vitro Performance Testing of the Novel Medspray® Wet Aerosol Inhaler Based on the Principle of Rayleigh Break-up
Purpose: A new inhaler (Medspray(R)) for pulmonary drug delivery based on the principle of Rayleigh break-up has been tested with three different spray nozzles (1.5; 2.0 and 2.5 mu m) using aqueous 0.1% (w/w) salbutamol and 0.9% (w/w) sodium chloride solutions. Materials and methods: Particle size distributions in the aerosol were measured with the principles of time of flight (APS) and laser diffraction (LDA). Results: The Medspray(R) inhaler exhibits a highly constant droplet size distribution in the aerosol during dose emission. Droplets on the basis of Rayleigh break-up theory are monodisperse, but due to some coalescence the aerosols from the Medspray(R) inhaler are slightly polydisperse. Mass median aerodynamic diameters at 60 l.min(-1) from APS are 1.42; 1.32 and 1.27 times the theoretical droplet diameters (TD's) and median laser diffraction diameters are 1.29; 1.14 and 1.05 times TD for 1.5; 2.0 and 2.5 mu m nozzles (TD: 2.84; 3.78 and 4.73 mu m respectively). Conclusions: The narrow particle size distribution in the aerosol from the Medspray(R) is highly reproducible for the range of flow rates from 30 to 60 l.min(-1). The mass median aerodynamic droplet diameter can be well controlled within the size range from 4 to 6 mu m at 60 l.min(-1)
Enhancement of electroporation facilitated immunogene therapy via T-reg depletion
Regulatory T cells (T-regs) can negatively impact tumor antigen-specific immune responses after infiltration into tumor tissue. However, depletion of T-regs can facilitate enhanced anti-tumor responses, thus augmenting the potential for immunotherapies. Here we focus on treating a highly aggressive form of cancer using a murine melanoma model with a poor prognosis. We utilize a combination of T-reg depletion and immunotherapy plasmid DNA delivered into the B16F10 melanoma tumor model via electroporation. Plasmids encoding murine granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and human B71 were transfected with electroporation into the tumor and transient elimination of T-regs was achieved with CD25-depleting antibodies (PC61). The combinational treatment effectively depleted T-regs compared to the untreated tumor and significantly reduced lung metastases. The combination treatment was not effective in increasing the survival, but only effective in suppression of metastases. These results indicate the potential for combining T-reg depletion with immunotherapy-based gene electrotransfer to decrease systemic metastasis and potentially enhance survival
A consensus research agenda for optimising nasal drug delivery
Nasal drug delivery has specific challenges which are distinct from oral inhalation, alongside which it is often considered. The next generation of nasal products will be required to deliver new classes of molecule, e.g. vaccines, biologics and drugs with action in the brain or sinuses, to local and systemic therapeutic targets. Innovations and new tools/knowledge are required to design products to deliver these therapeutic agents to the right target at the right time in the right patients. We report the outcomes of an expert meeting convened to consider gaps in knowledge and unmet research needs in terms of (i) formulation and devices, (ii) meaningful product characterization and modeling, (iii) opportunities to modify absorption and clearance. Important research questions were identified in the areas of device and formulation innovation, critical quality attributes for different nasal products, development of nasal casts for drug deposition studies, improved experimental models, the use of simulations and nasal delivery in special populations. We offer these questions as a stimulus to research and suggest that they might be addressed most effectively by collaborative research endeavors
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Multidrug transporters are important and interesting molecular machines that extrude a wide variety of cytotoxic drugs from target cells. This review summarizes novel insights in the energetics and mechanisms of bacterial ATP-binding cassette multidrug transporters as well as recent advances connecting multidrug transport to ion and lipid translocation processes in other membrane proteins
High heat flux capabilities of the Magnum-PSI linear plasma device
Magnum-PSI is an advanced linear plasma device uniquely capable of producing plasma conditions similar to those expected in the divertor of ITER both steady-state and transients. The machine is designed both for fundamental studies of plasma-surface interactions under high heat and particle fluxes, and as a high-heat flux facility for the tests of plasma-facing components under realistic plasma conditions. To study the effects of transient heat loads on a plasma-facing surface, a novel pulsed plasma source system as well as a high power laser is available. In this article, we will describe the capabilities of Magnum-PSI for high-heat flux tests of plasma-facing material
Seasonality of Mansonia titillans during dam construction, Biritiba-Mirim, São Paulo State, Brazil
Ecology of Haemagogus sp. and Sabethes sp. (Diptera: Culicidae) in relation to the microclimates of the Caxiuanã National Forest, Pará, Brazil
Comparison of direct machine parameter optimization versus fluence optimization with sequential sequencing in IMRT of hypopharyngeal carcinoma
The prognostic and predictive value of Tregs and tumor immune subtypes in postmenopausal, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy: a Dutch TEAM study analysis
In Vitro Performance Testing of the Novel Medspray® Wet Aerosol Inhaler Based on the Principle of Rayleigh Break-up
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