Химиотерапия взрослых больных с саркомами мягких тканей

В обзоре рассмотрены общие принципы цитостатического лечения взрослых больных с саркомами мягких тканей. Роль химиотерапии при этом заболевании на протяжении последних лет повышается. Hаиболее эффективными цитостатиками являются доксорубицин и ифосфамид, причем у обоих препаратов установлена зависимость эффективности от дозы. Химиотерапию применяют как элемент радикального комбинированного лечения, а также как паллиативный метод при метастатическом процессе. При рабдомиосаркоме химиотерапия эффективна практически при любой стадии заболевания.Chemotherapy has an increasing role in the therapy of soft tissue sarcomas. Meanwhile, chemotherapy of these tumors is frequently considered in general without taking into account the peculiar clinical features of various subtypes. Doxorubicin and ifosfamide are the most active drugs in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas. Chemotherapy could be used both for radical and for palliative treatment. For rhabdomyosarcoma, chemotherapy is effective in all the stages of such disease

Coronavirus disease 2019 scenarios for a long-term strategy under fundamental uncertainty

Early on, scientists have pointed out that coronavirus disease 2019 is most likely here to stay, although its course and development are uncertain. This requires a long-term strategy of living with the virus. However, the urgency of new waves of infection and the emergence of new variants have invoked an approach of acute crisis management over and over, hindering the design of a structural approach for the long term. Exploratory scenarios can provide scientific strategic guidance to policy processes to be better prepared in this situation of fundamental uncertainty. We have therefore developed five scenarios, which describe the possible long-term development of the pandemic from an epidemiological, virological, and broader societal perspective. These scenarios are based on four driving forces that are both important and uncertain: immunity, vaccination, mutations, and human behavior. The scenarios are (1) return to normal, (2) flu+, (3) external threat, (4) continuous struggle, and (5) worst case. Working with scenarios is crucial for appropriate public communication and provides guidance for anticipating the various conceivable possibilities for the further course of the pandemic

Money and Debt: The Public Role of Banks

This Open Access book from the Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy explains how money creation and banking works, describes the main problems of the current monetary and financial system and discusses several reform options. This book systematically evaluates proposals for fundamental monetary reform, including ideas to separate money and credit by breaking up banks, introducing a central bank digital currency, and introducing public payment banks. By drawing on these plans, the authors suggest several concrete reforms to the current banking system with the aim to ensure that the monetary system remains stable, contributes to the Dutch economy, fairly distributes benefits, costs and risks, and enjoys public legitimacy. This systematic approach, and the accessible way in which the book is written, allows specialized and non-specialised readers to understand the intricacies of money, banking, monetary reform and financial innovation, far beyond the Dutch context

Money and Debt: The Public Role of Banks

This Open Access book from the Netherlands Scientific Council for Government Policy explains how money creation and banking works, describes the main problems of the current monetary and financial system and discusses several reform options. This book systematically evaluates proposals for fundamental monetary reform, including ideas to separate money and credit by breaking up banks, introducing a central bank digital currency, and introducing public payment banks. By drawing on these plans, the authors suggest several concrete reforms to the current banking system with the aim to ensure that the monetary system remains stable, contributes to the Dutch economy, fairly distributes benefits, costs and risks, and enjoys public legitimacy. This systematic approach, and the accessible way in which the book is written, allows specialized and non-specialised readers to understand the intricacies of money, banking, monetary reform and financial innovation, far beyond the Dutch context

Coronavirus disease 2019 scenarios for a long-term strategy under fundamental uncertainty

Early on scientists have pointed out that COVID-19 is most likely here to stay, although its course and development are uncertain. This requires a long-term strategy of living with the virus. However, the urgency of new waves of infection and the emergence of new variants invoke an approach of acute crisis management over and over, hindering the design of a structural approach for the long term. Exploratory scenarios can provide scientific strategic guidance to policy processes to be better prepared in this situation of fundamental uncertainty. We have therefore developed five scenarios which describe the possible long-term development of the pandemic from an epidemiological, virological and broader societal perspective. These scenarios are based on four driving forces that are both important and uncertain: immunity, vaccination, mutations and human behaviour. The scenarios are: (1) Return to normal, (2) Flu+, (3) External threat, (4) Continuous struggle and (5) Worst case. Working with scenarios is crucial for appropriate public communication and provides guidance for anticipating the various conceivable possibilities for the further course of the pandemic

Coronavirus disease 2019 scenarios for a long-term strategy under fundamental uncertainty

Early on scientists have pointed out that COVID-19 is most likely here to stay, although its course and development are uncertain. This requires a long-term strategy of living with the virus. However, the urgency of new waves of infection and the emergence of new variants invoke an approach of acute crisis management over and over, hindering the design of a structural approach for the long term. Exploratory scenarios can provide scientific strategic guidance to policy processes to be better prepared in this situation of fundamental uncertainty. We have therefore developed five scenarios which describe the possible long-term development of the pandemic from an epidemiological, virological and broader societal perspective. These scenarios are based on four driving forces that are both important and uncertain: immunity, vaccination, mutations and human behaviour. The scenarios are: (1) Return to normal, (2) Flu+, (3) External threat, (4) Continuous struggle and (5) Worst case. Working with scenarios is crucial for appropriate public communication and provides guidance for anticipating the various conceivable possibilities for the further course of the pandemic

Understanding the dynamics of open data: From sweeping statements to complex contextual interactions

This chapter challenges existing impact assessments of open data in the public sector for three reasons: (1) the exclusive focus on economic effects of open data and not on other desirables such as a clean environment, good education, equitable health care, etc.; (2) the assumed linear relation between open data and impacts that ignores the dynamics of the interactions between the various stakeholders that may result in unpredictable and unforeseeable outcomes; (3) the homogeneous perspective on open data in the public sector that fails to acknowledge the variation of open data incentives, practices and consequences between countries and business sectors. As an alternative to “naive impact assessments,” this chapter develops an approach that embraces the complexity and contextuality of societal dynamics and takes a variety of values and desirables into account. We argue that whether open data delivers its “promise” depends on specific, local interactions that can be managed and controlled to a limited extent. Open data and its uses should be studied as social constructions that emerge over time in a specific context. We use two cases—open data in public transportation and in policing—to show the use of our perspective. For policy makers the complexity, contextuality, and multi-value approach means that they should shift their focus from working on “grand open data designs” to facilitating and promoting smart, local, pluralistic approaches to open data