Role of coat colour in body heat regulation among goats and hairy sheep in tropics.

Abstract: This experirnent was conducted during the hottest and the leanest period of the year in the tropical semi-arid northeast of Brazil to evaluate the relative response of black and white va- rieties (with the colour of skin and of haïr being the same) of goats and hairy sheep to grazing under direct solar radiation. There was a marked increase in midside-skin (MS), oar-skin (ES) and rectal temperatures (R T) and respiratory rate (RR) at 2 P .M. The afternoon increase was more in sheep in MS, RT and RR, but ES increased more in goats. Black animais had uniformly higher MS. White sheep had higher ES but in goats colour had no effect. Right ES was higher in sheep and there was some tendency of higher right ES in general. The black goats respired at much higher rates than the white, but in sheep, colour did not influence RR. Colour of animais did not influence RT. There was signi- ticant day-to-day variation, possibly associated with small fluctuations in environmental temperature, in MS, ES and RR but not in RT. The results indicate that goats appear to be better adapted than hairy sheep and white goats better than black goats under local climatic conditions. [Influência da cor da pelagem na regulação do calor em caprinos e ovinos sem-lã no trópico]. Resumo: Este experimento foi conduzido na região tropical do nordeste Brasileiro para avaliar a resposta relativa ao calor dos caprinos e ovinos sem-lã de pelagem (pele + pêlo) branca e preta em pastejo e expostos diretamente à radiação solar. Houve um aumento marcante nas temperaturas da pele da costela (PC), pele da orelha (PO) e retal (TR) e no rítmo respiratório (RR) às 14h. À tarde, a elevação foi maior em ovinos na PC, TR e no RR, mas PO aumentou mais nos caprinos. Animais pretos tinham, uniformemente, maior PC. Os ovinos brancos exibiram maior PO, mas no caprinos a cor não influenciou. ES direita foi superior em ovinos e houve tendência da PO direita ser, em geral, superior. Caprinos de cor preta apresentaram maior elevação no RR do que os de cor branca, mas nos ovinos a cor não influenciou o RR. Cor da pelagem não teve influência na TR. Houve uma variação diária significante na PC, PO e RR, mas não na TR, possivelmente associado com flutuações na temperatura ambiental. Resultados indicam que caprinos parecem ser melhor adaptados do que ovinos sem-lã e caprinos brancos melhor que caprinos pretos sob as condições climáticas locais

Cria e recria das poedeiras coloniais Embrapa 051.

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Cria e recria das poedeiras de ovos castanhos Embrapa 031.

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Discrepancies in Determinations of the Ginzburg-Landau Parameter

Long-standing discrepancies within determinations of the Ginzburg-Landau parameter $\kappa$ from supercritical field measurements on superconducting microspheres are reexamined. The discrepancy in tin is shown to result from differing methods of analyses, whereas the discrepancy in indium is a consequence of significantly differing experimental results. The reanalyses however confirms the lower $\kappa$ determinations to within experimental uncertainties.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.

Low-field microwave absorption and magnetoresistance in iron nanostructures grown by electrodeposition on n-type lightly-doped silicon substrates

In this study we investigate magnetic properties, surface morphology and crystal structure in iron nanoclusters electrodeposited on lightly-doped (100) n-type silicon substrates. Our goal is to investigate the spin injection and detection in the Fe/Si lateral structures. The samples obtained under electric percolation were characterized by magnetoresistive and magnetic resonance measurements with cycling the sweeping applied field in order to understand the spin dynamics in the as-produced samples. The observed hysteresis in the magnetic resonance spectra, plus the presence of a broad peak in the non-saturated regime confirming the low field microwave absorption (LFMA), were correlated to the peaks and slopes found in the magnetoresistance curves. The results suggest long range spin injection and detection in low resistive silicon and the magnetic resonance technique is herein introduced as a promising tool for analysis of electric contactless magnetoresistive samples.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

Produção de ovos das poedeiras de ovos castanhos Embrapa 031.

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Estimação de parâmetros genéticos para tamanho de leitegada em suínos da raça Landrace com a utilização de um modelo tricaracterístico.

Projeto: 02.09.07.007

The Six-Month List and the Unintended Consequences of Judicial Accountibility

A little-known mechanism instituted to improve judicial accountability and speed up the work of the federal judiciary has led to unintended consequences, many of them unfortunate. Federal district court judges are subject to a soft deadline known as the Six-Month List (the List). By law, every judge\u27s backlog (cases older than three years and motions pending more than six months) is made public twice a year. Because judges have life tenure and fixed salaries, a mere reporting requirement should not influence their behavior. But it does. Using the complete record of all federal civil cases between 1980 and 2017 and a hand-coded sample of summary judgment motions, we demonstrate that the List leads judges to close substantially more cases and decide more motions in the week immediately before it is compiled. While average motion processing time is shortened by ten to thirty days, duration is actually lengthened for some motions (those for which the deadline is least pressing). Moreover, we find suggestive evidence that the List has substantive consequences: in an effort to comply with the List, judges may be making more errors. Theory suggests that giving judges an incentive for faster case processing is probably a mistake. But because this incentive is Congressionally-mandated, it cannot be eliminated by the judiciary unilaterally. We offer an alternative mechanism that will limit distortions until Congress acts to relieve the federal courts of this unnecessary burden

Criação dos frangos de corte coloniais Embrapa 041.

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Influência do uso da terra no Nordeste Paraense sobre indicadores físico-químicos de qualidade da água do escoamento superficial no solo.

RESUMO: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a hidrogeoquímica do escoamento superficial em solos de diferentes ecossistemas, na mesobacia dos igarapés contíguos Timboteua e Buiuna (afluentes do rio Marapanim) no nordeste paraense, monitorando-se duas variáveis físicoquímicas da água (condutividade elétrica e pH). Foram alocadas três parcelas experimentais (1m2) em seis ecossistemas, sob mesmas condições biofísicas de solo e clima, totalizando 18 parcelas de tratamento. Instalaram-se também na mesma bacia três coletores de água de chuva e dois pluviômetros. No período de janeiro a junho de 2010, foram coletadas 234 amostras água de chuva e de escoamento superficial. O pH apresentou-se mais ácido nas amostras de água da chuva, seguido pela Capoeira e Sistema Agroflorestal (com preparo por derruba-e-queima), que pode estar relacionado à concentração de material orgânico em decomposição. Os agroecossistemas Roça (derruba-e-queima), Sistema Agroflorestal (com preparo por corte-e-trituração) e Pastagem se destacaram apresentando os maiores valores de condutividade elétrica (CE). O manejo do solo parece influenciar a CE e o pH. Abstract: The objective of this study was to characterize the hydrogeochemistry of the overland flow, in the watershed of the Timboteua and Buiuna streams (tributaries of the Marapanim River), Northeast of Pará, through measurements of two physico-chemical variables of water (electrical conductivity and pH). It was placed three experimental plots (1m2) in each six ecosystems, under the same biophysical conditions of soil and climate, summing up 18 treatment plots. It was also installed three rainwater collectors and two rain gauges in the same watershed. In the period January to June/ 2010, it was collected 234 rainwater and overland flow samples. The pH was more acidic in rainwater samples, followed by Capoeira and agroforestry system (prepared by slash-and-burn) overland flow samples, what may be related to the soil organic matter decomposition. Agroecosystems (slash-and-burn), Agroforestry system (chop-and-mulch) and Pasture overland flow were distinguished by higher electrical conductivity (EC). Soil management seems to influence both EC and pH