From Ideal Data Synchronization to Hybrid Forms of Interconnections: Architectures, Processes, and Data

With the emergence of new technologies, companies can organize their electronic data exchanges by implementing hybrid interorganizational information systems (IOS). This paper presents a new analytical framework by considering IOS as the product of interconnections between the parts of IS developed by connected firms to support a given interorganizational process. We focus on updating internal databases through data synchronization between a set of suppliers and a set of clients. From the literature, we built types of sending and receiving systems based on three variables; namely, shared data, structural linkages, and message interdependency. Analytically, we derived possibilities of interconnections between these sending and receiving systems with asymmetric characteristics. In a field study, we empirically investigated IOS built to support product information flows from suppliers’ to retailers’ internal, databases by considering how suppliers built their sending systems, how retailers built their receiving systems, and how their interconnections led to different forms of IOS. Interconnections occurring between systems with asymmetric characteristics show the existence of several hybrid forms of IOS, both in design and use. We finally explain that, even if companies can benefit from their use, hybrid forms are less efficient than are extreme forms, those that are the result of interconnections between systems with symmetric characteristics

Adoption Factors of Electronic Data Exchanges and Technologies to Improve Data Synchronization in BtoB Relationships: Are they similar?

Because of the emergence of technologies that allow more flexible interconnections, we propose to divide Interorganizational Information Systems (IOSs) adoption into two decision processes: electronic data exchanges adoption and technological choices. Indeed they are sequentially and in extreme case simultaneously related but independent since electronic data exchanges decision rarely imposes a technological choice. In this context, the research aims at distinguishing factors influencing the decision for a company to adopt electronic data exchanges with its partners and factors influencing the decision to adopt technologies supporting these electronic data exchanges. We investigate product information exchanges in the French consumer goods and retail industry through external catalogue, internal catalogue and Extranets. Analysis of 25 case studies allows us to conclude that it is relevant to distinguish these two decisions and the factors influencing each one

ADOPTION FACTORS OF ELECTRONIC DATA EXCHANGE AND TECHNOLOGY: CAN WE DISTINGUISH TWO PHASES?

In concordance with the emergence of technologies that allow more flexible interconnections, we propose to divide Interorganizational Information Systems (IOSs) adoption into two decision processes: electronic data exchange adoption and technological choices. These are sequentially and (in extreme cases) simultaneously related, albeit distinct, since an electronic data exchange decision rarely imposes a technological choice. In this context, the research aims at distinguishing factors influencing the decision for a company to adopt electronic data exchanges with its partners, and factors influencing the decision to adopt technologies supporting these electronic data exchanges. We investigate product information exchanges in the French consumer goods and retail industries through external catalogues, internal catalogues and Extranets. Analysis of 25 case studies allows us to conclude that it is relevant to distinguish these two decisions and the factors influencing each one

Habitats et fortifications rupestres et troglodytiques au Moyen Âge dans les pays du Haut-Rhône : espace rural, peuplement et productions agricoles aux époques gallo-romaine, médiévale et moderne

Ce programme de prospection thématique, couvrant les départements de l’Ain et de la Haute-Savoie, s’est achevé en 2006, au terme de quatre années d’investigation sur le terrain. Neuf nouveaux sites (8 dans l’Ain et 1 en Haute-Savoie) ont pu être ainsi ajoutés cette année aux 36 autres déjà examinés, portant le corpus cons­titué depuis 2003 à 45 aménagements rupestres et troglodytiques (34 dans l’Ain et 11 en Haute-Savoie). L’analyse et la synthèse de l’ensemble des données recueillies devraie..

CMOS detectors for space applications: from R&D to operational program with large volume foundry

Nowadays, CMOS image sensors are widely considered for space applications. The use of CIS (CMOS Image sensor) processes has significantly enhanced their performances such as dark current, quantum efficiency and conversion gain. However, in order to fulfil specific space mission requirements, dedicated research and development work has to be performed to address specific detector performance issues. This is especially the case for dynamic range improvement through output voltage swing optimisation, control of conversion gain and noise reduction. These issues have been addressed in a 0.35μm CIS process, based on a large volume CMOS foundry, by several joint ISAE- EADS Astrium R&D programs. These results have been applied to the development of the visible and near-infrared multi-linear imager for the SENTINEL 2 mission (LEO Earth observation mission for the Global Measurement Environment and Security program). For this high performance multi-linear device, output voltage swing improvement is achieved by process optimisation done in collaboration with foundry. Conversion gain control is also achieved for each spectral band by managing photodiode capacitance. A low noise level at sensor output is reached by the use of an architecture allowing Correlated Double Sampling readout in order to eliminate reset noise (KTC noise). KTC noise elimination reveals noisy pixels due to RTS noise. Optimisation of transistors’s dimensions, taking into account conversion gain constraints, is done to minimise these noisy pixels. Additional features have been also designed: 1) Due to different integration times between spectral bands required by mission, a specific readout mode was developed in order to avoid electrical perturbations during the integration time and readout. This readout mode leads to specific power supply architecture. 2)Post processing steps can be achieved by alignment marks design allowing a very good accuracy. These alignment marks can be used for a black coating deposition between spectral bands (pixel line) in order to minimise straight lighteffects. In conclusion a review of design improvements and performances of the final component is performed

A SIMULATION FOR UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND INFORMATION QUALITY IN THE MOVE TOWARDS A GREEN SUPPLY CHAIN

This research in progress aims at investigating the role that information system (IS) and information quality (IQ) can play for the transformation of a Supply Chain. A case study was conducted to identify the supply chain evolution of a major French retailer that initiated consolidation centres for shared deliveries between several small suppliers to its warehouses. This initiative aims at developing just-in-time delivery for economic benefits and the retailer explains that this evolution meets environmental benefits through CO2 reduction. However, the promised benefits for suppliers depend upon the development of information sharing and information quality and they have the choice to adopt the ?green supply chain? or to continue delivering directly without using the consolidation centers. Therefore this paper presents the simulation of the research that is currently being performed in order to identify the necessary conditions for the benefits realization. For future research, we propose a multi-agent based modelling for understanding how IS and IQ are pushing towards the adoption of a green supply chain

Contributions sur la transformation numérique

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