Respostas hemodinâmicas durante exercício muscular inspiratório em jovens saudáveis

The literature on hemodynamic responses during inspiratory muscle exercise (IME) lacks a consensus. To evaluate and compare hemodynamic responses during an IME session with and without resistive load, 15 sedentary men were subjected to two randomized IME sessions: one with 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure (IME 40%) and another without a resistive load (Sham), both of which were performed for two minutes over eight sets with oneminute intervals. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), total peripheral resistance (TPR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and heart rate (HR) were measured by infrared digital photoplethysmography during five basal minutes and during the IME sessions. One-way ANOVA analysis of variance and the Student’s t test for paired data were used to analyze hemodynamic response and delta values between sessions, respectively. Effect size was evaluated by Cohen’s D. A 5% significance level was adopted. SBP responses (sham: ∆−1±2 vs. 40%: ∆−4±2mmHg, p=0.27), DBP (sham: ∆2±1 vs. 40%: ∆1±2mmHg, p=0.60) and MBP (sham: ∆2±1 vs. 40%: ∆0±2mmHg, p=0.28) were similar between sessions. HR increases were higher in the 40% IME session than in the sham session (sham: ∆9±2 vs. 40%: ∆3±2bpm, p=0.001). SV only decreased during the sham session but responses were similar between sessions (sham: ∆−2±2 vs. IME 40%: ∆−6±2ml, p=0.13). Both sessions did not change SBP, DBP, MBP, CO, and TPR, but we observed a greater increase in HR in the IME 40% session. Only the Sham session decreased SV.A literatura carece de um consenso sobre respostas hemodinâmicas durante o exercício muscular  inspiratório (EMI). Este estudo buscou avaliar e comparar as respostas hemodinâmicas durante uma sessão de EMI com e sem carga resistiva. Para tanto, 15 homens sedentários foram submetidos a duas sessõesrandomizadas de EMI: 40% da pressão inspiratória máxima (EMI 40%) e sem carga resistiva (sham), realizadas por dois minutos em oito séries e com intervalos de um minuto. A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), pressão arterial média (PAM), resistência periférica total (RPT), volume sistólico (VS), débito cardíaco (DC) e frequência cardíaca (FC) foram medidos por fotopletismografia  infravermelha digital por cinco minutos basais e durante as sessões de EMI. Anova de um fator e o teste t de Student para dados pareados foram usados para analisar a resposta hemodinâmica e os valores delta entre as sessões, respectivamente. O tamanho do efeito foi avaliado pelo d de Cohen. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. As respostas de PAS (sham: ∆−1±2 vs. 40%: ∆−4±2mmHg, p=0,27), PAD (sham: ∆2±1 vs. 40%: ∆1±2mmHg, p=0,60) e PAM (sham: ∆2±1 vs. 40%:∆0±2mmHg, p=0,28) foram semelhantes entre as sessões. Os aumentos da FC foram maiores na sessão de EMI 40% do que nas sessões sham (sham: ∆9±2 vs. 40%: ∆3±2bpm, p=0,001). O VS diminuiu exclusivamente durante a sessão sham mas a resposta foi semelhante entre as sessões (sham: ∆−2±2 vs. EMI 40%: ∆−6±2ml, p=0,13). Ambas as sessões não causaram alteração nas variáveis PAS, PAD, PAM, DC e RPT, mas notamos um aumento maior da FC na sessão EMI 40%. Apenas a sessão sham reduziu o VS.No hay consenso en la literatura sobre las respuestas hemodinámicas durante el ejercicio muscular inspiratorio (EMI).El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar y comparar las respuestas hemodinámicas durante una sesión de EMI con y sin carga resistiva. Para ello, quince hombres sedentarios recibieron dos sesiones aleatorias de EMI: el 40% de la presión inspiratoria máxima (EMI40%) y sin carga resistiva (sham), realizadas durante dos minutos, ocho sesiones y a intervalos de un minuto. La presión arterialsistólica (PAS), la presión arterial diastólica (PAD), la presión arterial media (PAM), la resistencia periférica total (RPT), el volumensistólico (VS), el gasto cardíaco (GC) y la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) se midieron mediante fotopletismografía infrarroja digital durantecinco minutos al inicio y durante las sesiones de EMI. Se utilizaron ANOVA unidireccional y la prueba t de Student a datos emparejadospara analizar la respuesta hemodinámica y los valores delta entre las sesiones. El tamaño del efecto se evaluó por el d de Cohen. Elnivel de significancia adoptado fue de 5%. Las respuestas de PAS (sham: Δ−1±2 vs. 40%: ∆−4±2mmHg, p=0,27), PAD (sham: ∆2±1 vs.40%: ∆1±2mmHg, p=0,60) y PAM (sham: ∆2±1 vs. 40%: ∆0±2mmHg,p=0,28) fueron similares entre las sesiones. El incremento de la FC fue mayor en la sesión de EMI 40% comparada con la sesión sham (sham: Δ9±2 vs. 40%: ∆3±2bpm, p=0,001). El VS tuvo una disminución exclusiva durante la sesión sham, pero la respuestafue similar entre las sesiones (sham: Δ−2±2 vs. EMI 40%: ∆−6±2ml, p=0,13). Ambas sesiones no tuvieron cambios en las variables PAS, PAD, PAM, DC y RPT, pero se observó un mayor incremento de la FC en la sesión EMI 40%. Solamente en la sesión sham hubo una reducción del V

SEED GERMINATION AND PRODUCTION OF SWAMP PALM SEEDLINGS (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.)

ABSTRACT Swamp palm (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.) is a typical palm tree from the Amazon and Cerrado of Brazil, whose fruits are used in cooking and the pharmaceutical industry. Seed germination of this palm is slow, irregular and often low, which makes its cultivation limited, being exploited in extractive systems. Also, little is known about seedling development, and this knowledge is important to define a protocol for the production of seedlings of this species. This research aimed to develop a protocol for the seed germination of swamp palm under semi-aseptic conditions and to evaluate the seedling development of swamp palm under different production systems. There was no germination in treatments without scarification. The best germination protocol for swamp palm was scarification with operculum removal in seeds recently extracted from the fruit with application of gibberellic acid (plant growth regulator) because it increased the rate and accelerated germination. However, imbibition in aerated water (with H2O2) proved to be suitable up to two days. The best method for seedlings production of swamp palm is the use of conventional bag (20×30 cm) with soil and manure or for producers with greater investment capacity, the use of tubes (180 cm3) for two months and subsequent transplanting to a conventional bag with soil and manure until completing six months

Plant compounds insecticide activity against Coleoptera pests of stored products

O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar plantas com atividade inseticida, para isolar, identificar e avaliar a bioatividade de compostos inseticidas presentes nessas plantas, contra as seguintes pragas de produtos armazenados da ordem Coleoptera: Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Curculionidae), Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Bostrichidae) e Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Silvanidae). As espécies de plantas usadas foram: anis (Ocimum selloi Benth), arruda (Ruta graveolens L.), cordão-de-frade (Leonotis nepetifolia L.), datura (Datura stramonium L.), erva baleeira (Cordia verbenacea L.), hortelã (Mentha piperita L.), melão-de-são-caetano (Mormodica charantia L.) e mentrasto (Ageratum conyzoides L.). Avaliou-se a toxicidade dos extratos hexânico e etanólico dessas plantas sobre R. dominica. Somente o extrato hexânico de A. conyzoides apresentou atividade inseticida. O extrato hexânico desta planta foi fracionado, sucessivamente, por cromatografia de coluna de sílica gel, para isolamento e purificação dos compostos ativos. Os compostos 5,6,7,8,3',4',5'-heptametoxiflavona; 5,6,7,8,3'-pentametoxi-4',5'-metilenodioxiflavona e cumarina foram identificados. Entretanto, somente a cumarina apresentou atividade inseticida às três espécies de insetos (DL50 de 2,72 a 39,71 mg g-1 de i.a.). A ordem crescente de suscetibilidade à cumarina foi R. dominica, S. zeamais e O. surinamensis.The objective of this work was to screen plants with insecticide activity, in order to isolate, identify and assess the bioactivity of insecticide compounds present in these plants, against Coleoptera pests of stored products: Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Silvanidae), Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Bostrichidae) and Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Curculionidae). The plant species used were: basil (Ocimum selloi Benth.), rue (Ruta graveolens L.), lion's ear (Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R.Br.), jimson weed (Datura stramonium L.), baleeira herb (Cordia verbenacea L.), mint (Mentha piperita L.), wild balsam apple (Mormodica charantia L.), and billy goat weed or mentrasto (Ageratum conyzoides L.). The insecticide activity of hexane and ethanol extracts from those plants on R. dominica was evaluated. Among them, only hexane extract of A. conyzoides showed insecticide activity; the hexane extract of this species was successively fractionated by silica gel column chromatography, for isolation and purification of the active compounds. Compounds 5,6,7,8,3',4',5'-heptamethoxyflavone; 5,6,7,8,3'-pentamethoxy-4',5'-methilenedioxyflavone and coumarin were identified. However, only coumarin showed insecticide activity against three insect pests (LD50 from 2.72 to 39.71 mg g-1 a.i.). The increasing order of insects susceptibility to coumarin was R. dominica, S. zeamais and O. surinamensis

Timed artificial insemination in Serrana nanny-goats: the effects of vaginal specula and artificial insemination technicians

The success of artificial insemination (AI) depends on the equipment used, especially regarding the facilitation of artificial insemination technicians’ work and the positioning of insemination guns in the genital tract of animals. This study aimed to evaluate how vaginal specula and artificial insemination technicians affected the fertility rates of timed artificially inseminated Serrana Transmontano goats (which are indigenous to Portugal). For this, 58 adult nanny-goats aged between three and nine years were used. They were reproductively controlled by a short progestogen treatment (FGA) (seven days) with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). Timed cervical AI (43 hours after the end of the hormonal treatment) was performed with chilled semen. Nanny-goats were inseminated by two artificial insemination technicians (A vs. B) alternating two vaginal specula (Minitub vs. “Reyes”). Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasound 41 days later. About 98% of nanny-goats responded to our treatment with FGA and eCG. In total, 82.8% of nanny-goats were pregnant 41 days after AI. Neither vaginal specula (Minitub: 81.2% vs. “Reyes”: 84.6%) nor artificial insemination technicians (A: 82.8% vs. B: 82.8%) affected fertility rates. Thus, we conclude that neither the vaginal specula used in this research nor the artificial insemination technicians affected Serrana goat pregnancy rates

Hemodynamic responses during inspiratory muscle exercise in healthy young adults

ABSTRACT The literature on hemodynamic responses during inspiratory muscle exercise (IME) lacks a consensus. To evaluate and compare hemodynamic responses during an IME session with and without resistive load, 15 sedentary men were subjected to two randomized IME sessions: one with 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure (IME 40%) and another without a resistive load (Sham), both of which were performed for two minutes over eight sessions with one-minute intervals. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP), total peripheral resistance (TPR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and heart rate (HR) were measured by infrared digital photoplethysmography during five basal minutes and during the IME sessions. One-way analysis of variance and the Student’s t test for paired data were used to analyze hemodynamic response and delta values between sessions. Effect size was evaluated by Cohen’s D. A 5% significance level was adopted. SBP responses (sham: ∆−1±2 vs. 40%: ∆−4±2mmHg, p=0.27), DBP (sham: ∆2±1 vs. 40%: ∆1±2mmHg, p=0.60) and MBP (sham: ∆2±1 vs. 40%: ∆0±2mmHg, p=0.28) were similar between sessions. HR increases were higher in the 40% IME session than in the sham session (sham: ∆9±2 vs. 40%: ∆3±2bpm, p=0.001). SV only decreased during the sham session but responses were similar between sessions (sham: ∆−2±2 vs. IME 40%: ∆−6±2ml, p=0.13). Both sessions did not change SBP, DBP, MBP, CO, and TPR, but we observed a greater increase in HR in the IME 40% session. Only the Sham session decreased SV

First Record of Xylosandrus Compactus in Seedlings and Plantations of African Mahogany (Khaya Senegalensis) in Northeastern Brazil

Abstract The objective of this study was to report the first record of Xylosandrus compactus in a Khaya senegalensis plantation in the Northeast region of Brazil. The study area comprised 10 hectares of African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) planted under different silvicultural systems and varying in age (4, 10 and 24 months). From May to July 2019, both larvae and adults of Xylosandrus compactus, attacked the petiole of adult trees in the field, promoting small holes followed by darkening from the hole to the leaf tip. Furthermore, the stem of the seedlings at the nursery had holes in its stem basis and internal galleries in young and adult individuals. It is estimated that 77% of the Khaya senegalensis population in the 24-month trees were attacked. Therefore, the growth of the trees may be compromised, and if there is no proper management, X. compactus can cause economic damage in the K. senegalensis plantation

Building a National IoT Plan: Policy Recommendations and the Case of Brazil

The Internet of Things (“IoT”) is an expression that refers to a whole set of new services and devices that includes at least three fundamental aspects: connectivity, use of sensors or actuators, and computational capacity for data processing and storage. The Internet of Things goes beyond connecting objects to each other; it also gives them the power to process data (thereby making them "smart"). For developing countries such as Brazil, the opportunities offered by the Internet of Things can compensate for shortcomings in infrastructure and services, and can improve innovation, quality of life, productivity, and even the economic complexity of our basket of export products. However, the way in which each country will seize this opportunity will depend on its specific aspirations and strategies. The broader economic, social, political, and legal context of the country should be considered, as well as the local development of information and communication technologies. For this reason, the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES), in partnership with the Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communications (MCTIC), has commissioned this study, "Internet of Things: An Action Plan for Brazil." This study, mapped by a consortium comprised by McKinsey & Company, the CPqD Foundation, and Pereira Neto | Macedo Law Firm, outlines the local technological and economic challenges related to the topic, as well as well as how to address legal issues inherent to the development of IoT in Brazil

CUIDADOS OFERTADOS AO PACIENTE NO AMBIENTE DE UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA

To discuss patient care in the intensive care unit environment through the existing literature. Methods: This is a qualitative integrative literature review. The search for the works involved in the research was carried out in the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF and MEDLINE, using the health sciences descriptors: "Hospital care", "Intensive care unit" and "Intensive care". The inclusion criteria were: published between 2014 and 2024, with free access to full texts, articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish and related to the theme. Exclusion criteria were: duplicate articles, incomplete articles, abstracts, reviews, debates, articles published in event proceedings and unavailable in full. Results: Health professionals must analyze the degree of complexity of each patient admitted to the ICU in order to prevent complications, reduce costs and help provide quality care. Conclusion: The study showed that ICU patients need extra attention, as a number of highly complex procedures are carried out. Discutir por meio da literatura existente acerca dos cuidados ao paciente no ambiente de unidade de terapia intensiva. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter qualitativo. A busca dos trabalhos envolvidos na pesquisa foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS, BDENF e MEDLINE, a partir dos descritores em ciências da saúde: “Assistência hospitalar”, “Unidade de terapia intensiva” e “Cuidados intensivos”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: publicados no período entre 2014 e 2024, cujo acesso ao periódico era livre aos textos completos, artigos em idioma português, inglês e espanhol e relacionados a temática. Critérios de exclusão foram: artigos duplicados, incompletos, resumos, resenhas, debates, artigos publicados em anais de eventos e indisponíveis na íntegra. Resultados: O profissional de saúde deve analisar o grau de complexidade de cada paciente internado na UTI para assim realizar a prevenção de complicações, reduzir gastos, ajudar no cuidado de qualidade. Conclusão: O estudo demonstrou que os cuidados com os pacientes da UTI precisam de uma atenção redobrada, pois são realizados diversos procedimentos de alta complexidade