Quale futuro per il patrimonio fortificato: problemi di conservazione e valorizzazione

[EN] What are the risk factors that undermine the conservation of fortified architecture? What are the future prospects of a heritage that is not always adequately protected and valued? These are the questions posed by castles, towers, fortresses that seem to have lost the meaning of their existence, for having failed in their original function. Certainly the abandonment involves an inevitable lack of maintenance with the inevitable decay due to natural causes with slow action and prolonged over time. But even bad restorations conducted without the necessary historical-critical awareness and the necessary technical skills can irreversibly cancel documents of art and history, as well as “material testimonies of civilization value”. It is a heritage of multiple criticalities that offers an extraordinary opportunity for contemporary design aiming at conservation. Innumerable problems are posed by fortified architectures, first and foremost the accessibility, but also their management, which cannot but take into account the very close typology-function relationship and where, however, the old utilization is no longer possible. Unquestionably the first step is represented by the knowledge of these singular architectures, in the becoming of historical processes, which is an unavoidable moment on which the choices aiming at conservation and valorisation depend. Emblematic from this point of view are some case studies investigated in Puglia which pose the problem of maximum conservative attention and desirable enhancement, pursued with the promotion of knowledge and the assurance of the best conditions of use, provided that the new function is respectful of the identity of the object of study, of its use vocations and attentive to the needs and expectations of the community.De Cadilhac, R. (2020). Quale futuro per il patrimonio fortificato: problemi di conservazione e valorizzazione. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 859-866. https://doi.org/10.4995/FORTMED2020.2020.11475OCS85986

Il borgo medievale di Craco: la “reinvenzione dei luoghi” tra nuove forme di antropizzazione e musealizzazione

In an age like the present one, marked by a growing sensitivity towards the issues of recovery and enhancement of minor historical centres, abandoned or in the process of depopulation, the case study of the medieval village of Craco is a practical example of the settlements in Lucania affected by this phenomenon. In 1963 a landslide undermined the survival of the village, so much to cause a progressive depopulation and transfer of all the inhabitants in the nearby village of Peschiera. A condition of geographic marginality, together with the state of decay of the village, now deprived of its original vocation and constant maintenance, has become an attractive note for an ever-increasing number of visitors. In 2013, the Scenographic Park of the ruins was established in Craco, which determined the securing of part of its buildings along a well-defined itinerary to secure part of its buildings along a welldefined itinerary. The precarious geological nature of the site makes the hypothesis of a complete recovery of the settlement unthinkable. Towards a valid proposal for conservation and enhancement of the village has been undertaken, whose results made it possible to formulate Guidelines, weighted between the two current antithetical visions: a positive one that considers possible the recovery, at least partial, of the built environment through new forms of anthropization, and a more cautious one looking to a museum display for tourists. Il borgo medievale di Craco: la “reinvenzione dei luoghi” tra nuove forme di antropizzazione e musealizzazioneIn un’epoca come quella attuale, contraddistinta da una crescente sensibilità verso le tematiche del recupero e della valorizzazione dei centri storici minori in abbandono o in via di spopolamento, il caso studio del borgo medievale di Craco rappresenta un esempio pragmatico delle realtà insediative lucane interessate dal fenomeno. Nel 1963 una frana ha minato la sopravvivenza del borgo, causando un progressivo spopolamento e trasferimento dell’intero abitato nella vicina località di Peschiera. La condizione di marginalità geografica e l’attuale stato decadente del borgo, privato della sua originaria vocazione e sottratto ad una costante manutenzione, ha finito per divenire la nota attrattiva per un sempre maggior numero di visitatori. A partire dal 2013 è stato istituito a Craco il Parco Scenografico dei ruderi che ha determinato la messa in sicurezza di una parte dei suoi edifici lungo uno studiato itinerario di visita. La precaria natura geologica del sito rende impensabile l’ipotesi di un completo recupero dell’insediamento. In vista di una valida proposta di conservazione e valorizzazione del borgo è stato intrapreso un iter conoscitivo i cui risultati hanno permesso di formulare attuabili Linee-guida di intervento, ponderate tra due attuali antitetiche visioni: quella possibilista che ritiene praticabile la strada del recupero, almeno parziale, dell’abitato mediante nuove forme di antropizzazione, e quella più cauta che propende per la musealizzazione ai fini turisti. In un’epoca come quella attuale, contraddistinta da una crescente sensibilità verso le tematiche del recupero e della valorizzazione dei centri storici minori in abbandono o in via di spopolamento, il caso studio del borgo medievale di Craco rappresenta un esempio pragmatico delle realtà insediative lucane interessate dal fenomeno. Nel 1963 una frana ha minato la sopravvivenza del borgo, causando un progressivo spopolamento e trasferimento dell’intero abitato nella vicina località di Peschiera. La condizione di marginalità geografica e l’attuale stato decadente del borgo, privato della sua originaria vocazione e sottratto ad una costante manutenzione, ha finito per divenire la nota attrattiva per un sempre maggior numero di visitatori. A partire dal 2013 è stato istituito a Craco il Parco Scenografico dei ruderi che ha determinato la messa in sicurezza di una parte dei suoi edifici lungo uno studiato itinerario di visita. La precaria natura geologica del sito rende impensabile l’ipotesi di un completo recupero dell’insediamento. In vista di una valida proposta di conservazione e valorizzazione del borgo è stato intrapreso un iter conoscitivo i cui risultati hanno permesso di formulare attuabili Linee-guida di intervento, ponderate tra due attuali antitetiche visioni: quella possibilista che ritiene praticabile la strada del recupero, almeno parziale, dell’abitato mediante nuove forme di antropizzazione, e quella più cauta che propende per la musealizzazione ai fini turisti. Craco, a Medieval Village. The “Re-invention of Places” Throughout new Forms of Anthropization and Museum DisplayIn an age like the present one, marked by a growing sensitivity towards the issues of recovery and enhancement of minor historical centres, abandoned or in the process of depopulation, the case study of the medieval village of Craco is a practical example of the settlements in Lucania affected by this phenomenon. In 1963 a landslide undermined the survival of the village, so much to cause a progressive depopulation and transfer of all the inhabitants in the nearby village of Peschiera. A condition of geographic marginality, together with the state of decay of the village, now deprived of its original vocation and constant maintenance, has become an attractive note for an ever-increasing number of visitors. In 2013, the Scenographic Park of the ruins was established in Craco, which determined the securing of part of its buildings along a well-defined itinerary to secure part of its buildings along a welldefined itinerary. The precarious geological nature of the site makes the hypothesis of a complete recovery of the settlement unthinkable. Towards a valid proposal for conservation and enhancement of the village has been undertaken, whose results made it possible to formulate Guidelines, weighted between the two current antithetical visions: a positive one that considers possible the recovery, at least partial, of the built environment through new forms of anthropization, and a more cautious one looking to a museum display for tourists.

Old monasteries and new cemeteries. The case of the Capuchins in Conversano, Italy

In the first decades of the 19th century, local authorities in Capitanata, Terra di Bari and Terra d'Otranto set about acquiring extramural land and preparing plans for new cemeteries in application of the health laws passed in 1817 during the Bourbon Restoration, complying with the provisions of the Napoleonic edict of Saint-Cloud. The idea of acquiring places of worship outside the city walls, including suppressed monasteries, with their walled gardens that could be included in the enclosures of the erected cemeteries, immediately appeared to be a useful expedient for overcoming the difficulty of devising a new spatial model for burials, taking advantage of architectural structures that offered the dual advantage of counting on significant cost containment and maintaining a strong link to the ancient Christian tradition of burial in a sacred place. This entailed redesigning the relationship between the built and enclosed spaces of many Capuchin structures, which were deprived of their walled garden with the inevitable transformation of the site and, as a result, were forced to redetermine its semantics. In the case of Conversano, the varying spatial relationships pose a problem that can be addressed by resorting to a project to conserve and enhance the Capuchin structure, so as to renew the mutually beneficial coexistence between the monastery and the cemetery by bringing together what has survived of the walled garden and what has become part of the garden of memory

La Basilica di S. Venanzio a Camerino: il ruolo delle preesistenze medievali nella ricostruzione del 19. secolo

Dottorato di ricerca in conservazione dei beni architettonici. 8. ciclo. Tutore M. Civita. Coordinatore S. CasielloConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7, Rome; Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale - P.za Cavalleggeri, 1, Florence / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle RichercheSIGLEITItal