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    Drug-resistant epilepsy in a patient with frontal oligodendroglioma and history of varicella encephalitis

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    INTRODUCTION: Drug-resistant epilepsy is considered when two tolerated antiepileptic drugs trials, appropriately chosen and adequately employed have failed, to achieve a sustained absence of seizures. This situation is more significant in patients with focal onset seizures and in seizures due to acquired causes.CLINICAL CASE: A male who was hospitalized at five years old for a clinical profile of fever, cephalea, vomiting, instability to the gait and difficulty standing, after suffering from a varicella rash seven days ago. Varicella zoster virus IgM was positive in serum. He was diagnosed with acute varicella encephalitis, and the evolution was favorable with an acyclovir treatment. Given this medical history, the patient began suffering from seizures at fourteen and a half years old. He was treated with several antiepileptics, for one and a half years until it was concluded that the epilepsy was drug-resistant. A cerebral MRI showed a 17 mm in diameter hyperintense lesion, irregular in shape, at the level of the right parasagittal frontal cortico-subcortical region, and was reported as compatible with varicella zoster residual glyosis. Since the patient was still having seizures, he was considered as a candidate for epilepsy surgery. The video electroencephalogram showed recruiting rhythms, which seemed to originate in the right frontal region. The lesionectomy was performed, and the anatomopathological piece was reported as NOS oligodendroglioma. At present, and after one year post surgery, the patient has been seizures free and is following a discontinuous pattern of antiepileptic treatment.CONCLUSION: The cause of the epilepsy was diagnosed in this patient, at first, with regard to the history of varicella zoster virus encephalitis, which can produce seizures as a consequence. Nevertheless in epilepsy, from clinical data, an electroencephalogram, a cerebral MRI and evolution, it must always make a differential diagnosis with other causes, among them long term evolution neoplasm.INTRODUCCI脫N: La epilepsia farmacorresistente se plantea cuando han fracasado dos ensayos de f谩rmacos antiepil茅pticos tolerados, apropiadamente elegidos y empleados de forma adecuada, para conseguir la ausencia mantenida de crisis. Dicha situaci贸n es m谩s significativa en las crisis de inicio focal y por causas adquiridas.CASO CL脥NICO: Var贸n que a los cinco a帽os fue hospitalizado por fiebre, cefalea, v贸mitos, inestabilidad de la marcha y dificultad para la bipedestaci贸n, tras haber presentado erupci贸n varicelosa hac铆a siete d铆as. La serolog铆a en suero fue positiva para la IgM del virus varicela z贸ster. Se diagnostic贸 encefalitis aguda varicelosa y la evoluci贸n fue favorable con el tratamiento de aciclovir. Con este antecedente, a los catorce a帽os se presentan crisis epil茅pticas. Se indic贸 tratamiento con diferentes antiepil茅pticos durante un a帽o y medio hasta concluirlo como una epilepsia farmacorresistente. En el informe de las im谩genes de resonancia magn茅tica (IRM) cerebral se describi贸 una lesi贸n hiperintensa en la secuencia T2 a nivel frontal parasagital derecha cortico-subcortical de forma irregular de 17 mm de di谩metro, informada como compatible con gliosis residual de encefalitis por varicela. Se consider贸 al paciente candidato a cirug铆a de epilepsia, solicit谩ndosele v铆deo-EEG que mostraba ritmos reclutantes que parec铆an originarse en la regi贸n frontal derecha. Se intervino quir煤rgicamente realiz谩ndose lesionectom铆a y la pieza anatomo-patol贸gica fue informada como oligodendroglioma NOS. El paciente est谩 libre de crisis desde hace un a帽o, y en pauta de lenta discontinuaci贸n del tratamiento antiepil茅ptico.CONCLUSI脫N: Este paciente al principio se diagnostic贸 la causa de la epilepsia en relaci贸n al antecedente de encefalitis viral por varicela, que puede producir como secuela crisis epil茅pticas. Sin embargo, en la epilepsia a partir de los datos cl铆nicos, del EEG, las IRM de cerebro y la evoluci贸n se debe siempre realizar el diagn贸stico diferencial con otras causas, y especialmente las neopl谩sicas de evoluci贸n lenta
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