Adaptability and yield stability of corn cultivars in the Brazilian Northeast in the agricultural year of 1998

Durante o ano agrícola de 1998, na Região Nordeste do Brasil, foram realizados experimentos em rede, em blocos casualizados com três repetições, envolvendo a avaliação de 25 cultivares (cultivares e populações) e de 30 híbridos de milho em dezenove e dezesseis ambientes, respectivamente, objetivando conhecer adaptabilidade e estabilidade dessas cultivares para fins de recomendação. Os híbridos apresentaram maiores rendimentos, em média, 21,4% mais que as cultivares. Nos ensaios envolvendo cultivares e populações, o híbrido Cargill 909, utilizado como testemunha, teve um rendimento superior, tanto nos ambientes desfavoráveis quanto nos favoráveis. As cultivares AL 30, BR 5028, BR 106, BR 5011, BR 5033, Sintético Dentado, Sintético Duro e a população CMS 50 expressaram boa adaptação e estabilidade de produção no Nordeste brasileiro. Nos ensaios envolvendo híbridos, Dina 1000, Cargill 333 B, Dina 270, Braskalb XL 360, Master, AG 1051, AG 4051 e Pioneer 3041 apresentaram maior adaptação com estabilidade de produção nos ambientes considerados. Para recomendação específica a ambientes favoráveis destacaram-se os híbridos AG 4051 e Pioneer X 1296 B. Apesar de não se encontrarem híbridos com adaptação específica a ambientes desfavoráveis, a recomendação de materiais com maiores rendimentos nesses ambientes é de interesse para o agricultor, a exemplo do Dina 1000, Cargill 333 B e Braskalb XL 360.For the agricultural year of 1998, data from a network of experiments using a randomized block design with three replications for 25 corn cultivars and 30 hybrids cultivated in nineteen and sixteen different environments, respectively, were analysed, aiming to obtain knowledge concerning to adaptability, and yield stability of cultivars in each environment. The hybrids showed an average performance 21.4% higher than the cultivars. In the experiments involving cultivars and populations, the Cargill hybrid 909 utilized as control, had a higher yield either under unfavorable or favorable environments. The yield of AL 30, BR 5028, BR 106, BR 5011, BR 5033, "Sintético Dentado", "Sintético Duro" cultivars and the CMS 50 population expressed good adaptation and yield stability under Northeastern Brazil conditions. In the experiments with hybrids, Dina 1000, Cargill 333 B, Dina 270, Braskalb XL 360, Master, AG 1051, AG 4051 and Pioneer 3041 expressed adaptation and yield stability higher than the other hybrids tested under the different environmental conditions. At favorable environmental conditions, the hybrids AG 4051 and Pioneer X 1296 B were the best ones. Even though no hybrids were specifically indicated for unfavorable environment, the recommendation of materials showing higher yields at unfavorable environments are interesting for the corn grower. This is the case of the Dina 1000, Cargill 333 B and Braskalb XL 360.

Enteric methane mitigation strategies for ruminant livestock systems in the Latin America and Caribbean region: a meta-analysis.

Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) is a developing region characterized for its importance for global food security, producing 23 and 11% of the global beef and milk production, respectively. The region?s ruminant livestock sector however, is under scrutiny on environmental grounds due to its large contribution to enteric methane (CH4) emissions and influence on global climate change. Thus, the identification of effective CH4 mitigation strategies which do not compromise animal performance is urgently needed, especially in context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) defined in the Paris Agreement of the United Nations. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to: 1) collate a database of individual sheep, beef and dairy cattle records from enteric CH4 emission studies conducted in the LAC region, and 2) perform a meta-analysis to identify feasible enteric CH4 mitigation strategies, which do not compromise animal performance. After outlier?s removal, 2745 animal records (65% of the original data) from 103 studies were retained (from 2011 to 2021) in the LAC database. Potential mitigation strategies were classified into three main categories (i.e., animal breeding, dietary, and rumen manipulation) and up to three subcategories, totaling 34 evaluated strategies. A random effects model weighted by inverse variance was used (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V3.3.070). Six strategies decreased at least one enteric CH4 metric and simultaneously increased milk yield (MY; dairy cattle) or average daily gain (ADG; beef cattle and sheep). The breed composition F1 Holstein × Gyr decreased CH4 emission per MY (CH4IMilk) while increasing MY by 99%. Adequate strategies of grazing management under continuous and rotational stocking decreased CH4 emission per ADG (CH4IGain) by 22 and 35%, while increasing ADG by 22 and 71%, respectively. Increased dietary protein concentration, and increased concentrate level through cottonseed meal inclusion, decreased CH4IMilk and CH4IGain by 10 and 20% and increased MY and ADG by 12 and 31%, respectively. Lastly, increased feeding level decreased CH4IGain by 37%, while increasing ADG by 171%. The identified effective mitigation strategies can be adopted by livestock producers according to their specific needs and aid LAC countries in achieving SDG as defined in the Paris Agreement

In vitro conservation of sugarcane germplasm

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da temperatura, de sacarose, manitol e sorbitol, como fontes de carbono e reguladores osmóticos, e do ácido abscísico, como regulador de crescimento na conservação in vitro de germoplasma de cana-de-açúcar. Foram utilizadas, como material vegetal, gemas apicais de plantas de 10 meses de idade, do banco de germoplasma in vivo, da Universidade Federal de Alagoas. Brotos da quarta repicagem, no estádio de multiplicação in vitro, foram a fonte de explantes para três experimentos. Houve efeito positivo da diminuição da temperatura e da utilização da sacarose como fonte de carbono e regulador osmótico na manutenção da viabilidade dos explantes conservados in vitro. O ácido abscísico (1 mg/L) foi essencial para manter os explantes em crescimento mínimo por 12 meses (52 semanas). O uso das concentrações de 1 mg/L de ácido abscísico e de 20 g/L de sacarose associadas às condições de temperatura reduzida (15°C) demonstraram que os brotos permaneceram viáveis por um ano no mesmo meio de cultura, sem a necessidade de serem subcultivados.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of temperature, of sucrose, sorbitol and manitol, as carbon source and osmotic regulator, and of abscisic acid, as growth regulator, on in vitro germplasm conservation of sugarcane. Stem tips of 10 month old plants collected from the sugarcane germplasm bank of the Universidade Federal de Alagoas in Brazil were introduced in vitro and secondary shoots were produced in a multiplication medium. New shoots collected after four subcultures were used in three conservation experiments. There was a positive effect of the low temperature and sucrose as an osmotic regulator and carbon source in maintaining the viability of the explants cultured in vitro. Abscisic acid (1 mg/L) was essential to maintain the explants in a reduced growth condition for 52 weeks without any subculture. The explants promptly returned to normal growth in vitro or were readily acclimatized after 52 weeks of conservation, in the medium with abscisic acid (1 mg/L) plus sucrose (20 g/L) at 15ºC

Enteric methane mitigation strategies for ruminant livestock systems in the Latin America and Caribbean region: a meta-analysis.

Abstract: Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) is a developing region characterized for its importance for global food security,producing 23 and 11% of the global beef and milk production, respectively. The region?s ruminant livestock sector however, is under scrutiny on environmental grounds due to its large contribution to enteric methane (CH4) emissions and influence on global climate change. Thus, the identification of effective CH4 mitigation strategies which do not compromise animal performance is urgently needed, especially in context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) defined in the Paris Agreement of the United Nations. Therefore, the objectives of the current study were to: 1) collate a database of individual sheep, beef and dairy cattle records from enteric CH4 emission studies conducted in the LAC region, and 2) perform a meta-analysis to identify feasible enteric CH4 mitigation strategies, which do not compromise animal performance. After outlier?s removal, 2745 animal records (65% of the original data) from 103 studies were retained (from 2011 to 2021) in the LAC database. Potential mitigation strategies were classified into three main categories (i.e., animal breeding, dietary, and rumen manipulation) and up to three subcategories, totaling 34 evaluated strategies. A random effects model weighted by inverse variance was used (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V3.3.070). Six strategies decreased at least one enteric CH4 metric and simultaneously increased milk yield (MY; dairy cattle) or average daily gain (ADG; beef cattle and sheep). The breed composition F1 Holstein ×Gyr decreased CH4 emission per MY (CH4IMilk) while increasing MY by 99%. Adequate strategies of grazing management under continuous and rotational stocking decreased CH4 emission per ADG (CH4IGain) by 22 and 35%, while increasing ADG by 22 and 71%, respectively. Increased dietary protein concentration, and increased concentrate level through cottonseed meal inclusion, decreased CH4IMilk and CH4IGain by 10 and 20% and increased MY and ADG by 12 and 31%, respectively. Lastly, increased feeding level decreased CH4IGain by 37%, while increasing ADG by 171%. The identified effective mitigation strategies can be adopted by livestock producers according to their specific needs and aid LAC countries in achieving SDG as defined in the Paris Agreement

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq