11,453 research outputs found

    The effect of a tangential frictional force on rotating disks: an experimental approach

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    This paper describes an experiment with two touching rotating disks, whose movement is followed by video analysis. Within the disks’ movements, there are intervals with sliding and intervals without sliding, that is, intervals with frictional forces between the touching surfaces and intervals without it. This system configuration allows for measurement of the changeable magnitudes and directions of frictional forces (much more difficult to set up with translational motion). This activity may be used to combat students misconceptions of “frictional force always opposes the motion” and “between the same two bodies, one gets the same frictional force,” commonly found in the classroom, or just to reinforce the rotational dynamics relationships

    A new gravitational N-body simulation algorithm for investigation of cosmological chaotic advection

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    Recently alternative approaches in cosmology seeks to explain the nature of dark matter as a direct result of the non-linear spacetime curvature due to different types of deformation potentials. In this context, a key test for this hypothesis is to examine the effects of deformation on the evolution of large scales structures. An important requirement for the fine analysis of this pure gravitational signature (without dark matter elements) is to characterize the position of a galaxy during its trajectory to the gravitational collapse of super clusters at low redshifts. In this context, each element in an gravitational N-body simulation behaves as a tracer of collapse governed by the process known as chaotic advection (or lagrangian turbulence). In order to develop a detailed study of this new approach we develop the COsmic LAgrangian TUrbulence Simulator (COLATUS) to perform gravitational N-body simulations based on Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) for graphics processing units (GPUs). In this paper we report the first robust results obtained from COLATUS.Comment: Proceedings of Sixth International School on Field Theory and Gravitation-2012 - by American Institute of Physic

    Aplicação de variáveis em nivel local e de bacia de drenagem na caracterização e avaliação de ambientes aquáticos no semi-árido brasileiro

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    The state of the physical habitat is influenced by factors operating at several spatial and temporal scales, such as geomorphology, climate, hydrology, land use and water quality. This work measures diversity and availability of the physical habitat in natural and artificial aquatic systems in the northeast of Brazil. It aims to survey local- and catchment-scale physical variables and evaluate their importance as a basic framework for characterization and assessment of aquatic habitats in the Brazilian semi-arid region. This study was performed in two areas of the Brazilian semi-arid (Seridó/Borborema and Buíque/Vale do Ipojuca), classified as being of extreme biological importance and identified as priority areas for biodiversity conservation in the Caatinga. The present study showed that the aquatic habitat in semi-arid Brazil is diverse and dynamic, with a range of habitat elements available for colonization by the aquatic biota. Stream sites showed a similar to greater array of marginal habitat elements and substrate composition when compared to reservoirs, and the composition of the habitat varied with habitat type (river/reservoir) and seasons (dry/ wet). Results presented have implications for the conservation and management of Brazilian semi-arid systems. Given that the habitat is the basic framework for colonization of aquatic organisms, the potential mechanisms that maintain biotic diversity lie at all levels of the river watershed. It is fundamental therefore, to identify the parts of the riverine ecosystems that are vital to maintaining its health. Key words: intermittent streams, reservoirs, conservation, substrate composition.O estado do habitat físico é influenciado por fatores que atuam em diversas escalas, como a geomorfologia, o clima, o regime hidrológico, o uso da terra e a qualidade da água. Este trabalho quantifica a diversidade e a disponibilidade do habitat físico em sistemas aquáticos naturais e artificials no semi-árido do Brasil, com o objetivo de levantar variáveis físicas em escala local e de bacia de drenagem, e analisar sua importância na composição de uma estrutura básica para a caracterização e avaliação desses ambientes. Este estudo foi desenvolvido nas regiões de Seridó/Borborema e Buíque/Vale do Ipojuca. Estas áreas são consideradas de extrema importância biológica e são identificadas como prioritárias para a conservação da Caatinga. Os resultados mostram que o hábitat aquático no semi-árido brasileiro é diverso e dinâmico, compreendendo um conjunto amplo de elementos disponíveis para a colonização pelos organismos. Os rios mostraram uma gama de elementos do hábitat marginal e da composição do substrato igual ou superior àquela dos reservatórios. Além disso, a composição do hábitat variou entre os dois tipos de ambiente estudados (rios/reservatórios) e com as estações do ano (seca/chuvosa). Os resultados apresentados têm implicações importantes para a conservação dos ambientes aquáticos do semiárido. Tendo em vista que o hábitat físico é a estrutura básica para a colonização por parte dos organismos aquáticos, os mecanísmos potenciais que mantêm a biodiversidade aquática ocorrem nos vários níveis da bacia de drenagem. Portanto, é fundamental identificar os componentes, ao longo dos sistemas ripários, que são vitais na manutenção da sua integridade biológica. Palavras-chave: rios intermitentes, reservatórios, conservação, composição do substrato

    Quintais agroflorestais como estratégia de sustentabilidade ecológica e econômica.

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    Resumo: Um estudo preliminar no contexto sócio-histórico do Assentamento Fazenda Pirituba, na região de Itapeva-SP, evidenciou que os quintais agroflorestais (QAs), são alternativas criadas autonomamente pelos agricultores familiares assentados na busca da reprodução social das famílias (alimentação e acesso ao mercado através do PAA). O estudo dos QAs, na medida em que os resgata da invisibilidade, poderá qualificar seu desenho e manejo, além de subsidiar políticas públicas para assentamentos rurais

    An erbium(III)-based NIR emitter with a highly conjugated ß-diketonate for blue-region sensitization

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    The sensitization of lanthanide complexes in the visible region is of particular interest for practical applications such as labeling, biological analysis and optoelectronics. A visible-light sensitized Er3+complex based on the use of a highly conjugated ß-diketonate (1, 3-di(2-naphthyl)-1, 3-propanedione, Hdnm) and 5-nitro-1, 10-phenanthroline (5NO2phen) as an ancillary ligand, [Er(dnm)3(5NO2phen)], has been synthesized, fully characterized and its photophysical properties have been investigated. Suitably expanded p-conjugation in the complex molecule makes the excitation window red-shifted to the visible region (up to 550 nm). Efficient energy transfer by antenna effect results in 1.53 µm emission from the Er3+ion
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