10 research outputs found

    Experimental evolution of adaptive divergence under varying degrees of gene flow

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    Adaptive divergence is the key evolutionary process generating biodiversity by means of natural selection. Yet, the conditions under which it can arise in the presence of gene flow remain contentious. To address this question, we subjected 132 sexually reproducing fission yeast populations, sourced from two independent genetic backgrounds, to disruptive ecological selection and manipulated the level of migration between environments. Contrary to theoretical expectations, adaptive divergence was most pronounced when migration was either absent (allopatry) or maximal (sympatry), but was much reduced at intermediate rates (parapatry and local mating). This effect was apparent across central life-history components (survival, asexual growth and mating) but differed in magnitude between ancestral genetic backgrounds. The evolution of some fitness components was constrained by pervasive negative correlations (trade-off between asexual growth and mating), while others changed direction under the influence of migration (for example, survival and mating). In allopatry, adaptive divergence was mainly conferred by standing genetic variation and resulted in ecological specialization. In sympatry, divergence was mainly mediated by novel mutations enriched in a subset of genes and was characterized by the repeated emergence of two strategies: an ecological generalist and an asexual growth specialist. Multiple loci showed consistent evidence for antagonistic pleiotropy across migration treatments providing a conceptual link between adaptation and divergence. This evolve-and-resequence experiment shows that rapid ecological differentiation can arise even under high rates of gene flow. It further highlights that adaptive trajectories are governed by complex interactions of gene flow, ancestral variation and genetic correlations

    Estudo comparativo do nível de qualidade de vida entre sujeitos acondroplásicos e não-acondroplásicos Comparative study of quality of life level between achondroplasics and non-achondroplasics subjects

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    A acondroplasia é caracterizada como um distúrbio genético autossômico dominante que afeta a ossificação endocondral, constituindo uma das causas de nanismo. Entre as características está presente principalmente a baixa estatura e desproporção tronco/membros. Diante disso, o acondroplásico poderá se mostrar inferiorizado e insatisfeito com sua aparência física, influenciando, juntamente a outros fatores, na qualidade de vida (QV) dessa população. OBJETIVO: Comparar o nível de QV entre sujeitos acondroplásicos e não-acondroplásicos. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 21 indivíduos acondroplásicos, sendo nove homens e 13 mulheres, pareados por idade e gênero, a 21 não-acondroplásicos. O nível de QV foi estimado por meio do questionário WHOQOL-BREF. RESULTADOS: Na comparação entre sujeitos acondroplásicos e não acondroplásicos do gênero feminino constatou-se que no domínio físico as mulheres acondroplásicas apresentaram escore médio significativamente menor, enquanto na comparação entre os gêneros, o grupo de mulheres acondroplásicas apresentou escore médio significativamente menor que os homens acondroplásicos no domínio psicológico. CONCLUSÃO: No presente estudo, a QV não apresentou diferença entre os grupos, entretanto, nos domínios físico e psicológico, as mulheres acondroplásicas demonstraram menor satisfação com sua condição.<br>Achondroplasia is characterized as an autosomal dominant genetic disturbance which affects the endochondral ossification which is a common cause of dwarfism syndrome. Among the characteristics the most common are the short stature and disproportional trunk/limbs. Thus, the achondroplasic subjects can face themselves inferior and not satisfied with their physical appearance, influencing, among other factors, the quality of life of this population. OBJECTIVE: To compare the quality of life level between achondroplasic and non-achondroplasic subjects. METHODS: Study with 21 achondroplasics in which, nine were men and 13 women, paired by age and gender to 21 non-achondroplasic subjects. The quality of life level was estimated by WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. RESULTS: In the comparison between achondroplasic and non-achondroplasic females we verified that in physical domain achondroplasic women presented mean score significantly lower than non-achondroplasic. In the comparison between genders, achondroplasic females presented mean score significantly lower than achondroplasic males in psychological domain. CONCLUSION: In this study, the quality of life didn't present any difference between groups, however, in physical and psychological domains, achondroplasic women demonstrated less satisfaction to their condition

    Booster dose after 10 years is recommended following 17DD-YF primary vaccination

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    Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiologicos Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiologicos Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Governo do Estado de Minas Gerais. Secretaria de Estado de Saúde. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiologicos Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiologicos Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiologicos Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Alfenas. Alfenas, MG, Brasil.Instituto de Biologia do Exercito. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto de Biologia do Exercito. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto de Biologia do Exercito. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto de Biologia do Exercito. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto de Biologia do Exercito. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Instituto de Biologia do Exercito. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Assessoria Clínica de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiologicos Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiologicos Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Assessoria Clínica de Bio-Manguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Ministerio da Saude. Secretaria de Vigilancia em Saude. Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Brasil.Universidade de Brasília. Brasilia, DF, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.US Food and Drug Administration. Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. Silver Spring, MD USAFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Diretoria Regional de Brasília. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Publica. Rio de Janeiro, DF, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Renê Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.A single vaccination of Yellow Fever vaccines is believed to confer life-long protection. In this study, results of vaccinees who received a single dose of 17DD-YF immunization followed over 10 y challenge this premise. YF-neutralizing antibodies, subsets of memory T and B cells as well as cytokine-producing lymphocytes were evaluated in groups of adults before (NVday0) and after (PVday30-45, PVyear1-4, PVyear5-9, PVyear10-11, PVyear12-13) 17DD-YF primary vaccination. YF-neutralizing antibodies decrease significantly from PVyear1-4 to PVyear12-13 as compared to PVday30-45, and the seropositivity rates (PRNT≥2.9Log10mIU/mL) become critical (lower than 90%) beyond PVyear5-9. YF-specific memory phenotypes (effector T-cells and classical B-cells) significantly increase at PVday30-45 as compared to na've baseline. Moreover, these phenotypes tend to decrease at PVyear10-11 as compared to PVday30-45. Decreasing levels of TNF-α(+) and IFN-γ(+) produced by CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells along with increasing levels of IL-10(+)CD4(+)T-cells were characteristic of anti-YF response over time. Systems biology profiling represented by hierarchic networks revealed that while the na've baseline is characterized by independent micro-nets, primary vaccinees displayed an imbricate network with essential role of central and effector CD8(+) memory T-cell responses. Any putative limitations of this cross-sectional study will certainly be answered by the ongoing longitudinal population-based investigation. Overall, our data support the current Brazilian national immunization policy guidelines that recommend one booster dose 10 y after primary 17DD-YF vaccination

    Ameliorating Effects of Natural Antioxidant Compounds on Female Infertility: a Review

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