Computational procedure to an accurate DFT simulation to solid state systems

The density functional theory has become increasingly common as a methodology to explain the properties of crystalline materials because of the improvement in computational infrastructure and software development to perform such computational simulations. Although several studies have shown that the characteristics of certain classes of materials can be represented with great precision, it is still necessary to improve the methods and strategies in order to achieve more realistic computational modeling. In the present work, strategies are reported in a systematic way for the accurate representation of crystalline systems. The crystalline compound chosen for the study as a case test was BaMoO4, both because of its potential technological application and because of the low accuracy of the simulations previously reported in the literature. The computational models were carried out with the B3LYP and WC1LYP functionals selected from an initial set containing eight hybrid functionals in conjunction with an all-electron basis set. Two different strategies were applied for improving the description of the initial models, both involving atomic basis set optimization and Hartree-Fock exchange percentage adjustment. The results obtained with the two strategies show a precision of structural parameters, band gap energy, and vibrational properties never before presented in theoretical studies of BaMoO4. Finally, a flowchart of good calculation practices is elaborated. This can be of great value for the organization and conduction of calculations in new research

Simulação atomística de sistema em nanoescala

In this work we investigate mechanical and electronic properties of graphene based materials. Using classical molecular dynamics with the reactive potential ReaxFF, we studied mechanical properties of hexagonal BN nanoribbons, where BN atoms are randomly replaced by C atoms; we considered concentrations of 0% C (pure hBN) up to 100% C (pristine graphene). Our results show that for BNC nanoribbons, the substitution of BN pairs by C atoms causes a reduction on mechanical stregth until concentrations close to 40% to 60%. On the other hand, higher concentrations result in a fast enhancement on the mechanical stregth, reaching values close to that found for graphene. We studied also electronic properties of nanotubes constructed using either the Porous Graphene (PG) or BPC structure. Tight Binding Density Functional (DFTB) theory was applied to calculate the band structure and density of states of these systems considering various different chiralities. Both the PG and the BPC nanotubes presented gaps around the values presented by their original sheets, namely 3:3eV and 0:7eV respectively; another interesting fact is the effect of an increase on the nanotube's diameter over the gap, which trends were different between the two classes of nanotubes consideredNeste trabalho investigamos propriedades mecânicas e eletrônicas de materiais derivados do grafeno. Utilizando dinâmica molecular clássica com auxílio do potencial reativo ReaxFF, estudamos propriedades mecânicas de nanofitas de BN hexagonal, substituindo aleatoriamente átomos de BN por átomos de C; variamos essa concentração de 0% de C (hBN) até 100% de C (grafeno). Ao substituirmos átomos de C o sistema diminui sua resistência mecânica até concentrações entre 40% e 60%. Para concentrações maiores, ocorre um rápido aumento da resistência mecânica até chegar a valores similares ao do grafeno. Estudamos também as propriedades eletrônicas de nanotubos construídos a partir do grafeno poroso e da estrutura BPC. Utilizando uma abordagem Tight Binding para a Teoria do Funcional Densidade(DFTB), calculamos as estruturas de bandas e densidades de estados de nanotubos porosos com diferentes quiralidades. Observamos que ambos os tubos, feitos de Grafeno Poroso(PG) ou de BPC, apresentam gap próximo ao das respectivas estruturas 2d. Para o BPC, o gap aproximado é 0:7eV e para o PG é 3:3eV; outro fator interessante é a variação do valor do gap com o aumento do diâmetro dos nanotubos, que se comportou de modo diferente para os dois tipos de nanotubo considerado

Aplicabilidade das equações isotermas de Freundlich e Langmuir na interação biossortiva de corantes têxteis com Saccharomyces cerevisiae liofilizada

This paper presents a study of the applicability of adsorption isotherms, known as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm, between the biosorptive interaction of yeast lyophilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae and textile dyes. To that end, we prepared stock solutions of the textile dyes Direct Red 23 and Direct Red 75 in the concentration of 1.000μg/mL and a yeast suspension at 2,5%. We did experiments for two cases, firstly for the case that we have a fix concentration of yeast at 0,500mg/mL and an variable concentration of dye range from40, 50, 60, 80 and 100μg/mL, then for the case that we fixed the concentration of dye at 100μg/mL and the yeast concentration was variable range from 0,250, 0,500, 0,750, 1,000, 1,250mg/mL. For the dye Direct Red 23 we did analysis in the pH 2,5, 4,5 and 6,5; for the Direct Red 75, we just did for the pH 2,5. We leave the dye solution in contact with the yeast for 2 hours at a constant temperature of 30°C and then centrifuged and analyzed the sample in a spectrophotometer and finally made and analysis of parameters for the removal and study of the isotherms. After the biosorption, was observed that for the Direct Red 23 in the pH 2,5 was needed 1,407mg/mL of yeast for total removal, while for the pH 4,5 was needed 8,806mg/mL and in pH 6,5 was 9,286mg/mL; for the Direct Red 75 in pH 2,5 was needed 1,337mg/mL. This difference can be explain by the adsorption isotherms, was observed that in the case when the yeast was fix when we had in a acid pH the behavior of the system was compatible with the Langmuir isotherm, and thus, an monolayer pattern. And that when we decrease the acidity of the medium the system became more compatible with a Freundlich isotherm, and thus, a multilayer pattern; for the case that the yeast was variable this is not much evident, however for the pH 2,5 she became compatible with a Langmuir isotherm... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)Este trabalho apresenta um estudo da aplicabilidade das isotermas de adsorção, mais conhecidos como isotermas de Langmuir e Freundlich, na interação biossortiva entre a levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae liofilizada e corantes têxteis. Para isto foram preparadas soluções estoques dos corantes têxteis Direct Red 23 e Direct Red 75 nas concentrações de 1.000μg/mL e suspensão de leveduras a 2,5%. Foram feitos experimentos para dois casos, primeiramente para o caso onde tínhamos uma concentração fixa de levedura de 0,500mg/mL e uma concentração variável de corante de 40, 50, 60, 80 e 100μg/mL, em seguida para o caso onde a concentração de corante foi fixada em 100μg/mL e a concentração de levedura variava de 0,250, 0,500, 0,750, 1,000 e 1,250mg/mL. Para o corante Direct Red 23 fizemos análises no pH 2,5, 4,5 e 6,5; já para o Direct Red 75, foi feito apenas para o pH 2,5. Deixamos a solução de corante em contato com a levedura por 2 horas a uma temperatura constante de 30°C e em seguida centrifugamos e analisamos as amostras em um espectrofotômetro e por fim fizemos uma analise da remoção e dos parâmetros para estudo das isotermas. Após a biossorção, foi observado que para o Direct Red 23 no pH 2,5 era necessário 1,407mg/mL de levedura para remoção total do corante, enquanto para o pH 4,5 era de 8,806mg/mL e no pH 6,5 era de 9,286mg/mL; para o Direct Red 75 para o pH 2,5 era necessário 1,337mg/mL. Essa diferença pode ser explicada pelas isotermas de adsorção, foi observado que no caso onde a levedura era fixa quando estávamos em um pH ácido o comportamento do sistema era muito compatível com a isoterma de Langmuir, tendo assim, um padrão de monocamada; e que quando diminuímos a acidez do meio o sistema se tornou mais compatível com a isoterma de Freundlich, tendo assim, um comportamento de multicamada; para o caso da levedura variável... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo