Smartphones in the teaching of Physics Laws: Projectile motion

New technologies are called upon to play an important role as beneficial tools for meaningful learning in the classroom. In particular, smartphones can be regarded as pocket computers that, in addition to a remarkable memory and computing capacity, incorporate sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, light sensors, etc., which turn them into easily available measurement instruments for practical classes in an educational environment. In this study, the suitability of these devices for demonstrating Classical Mechanics, minimizing the use of resources and class time, has been assessed in two real classrooms (with 16 to 19 year-old students) by conducting experiments related to projectile motion (vertical free fall and parabolic motion). A simple methodology that only involves a mobile phone, a free burst camera application and open-source tools (GIMP and OpenOffice Calc) for data processing is presented. The results obtained in non-perfected conditions led to an estimate of the acceleration of gravity with an error lower than 2%. Further analyses and alternative procedures are also suggested in the discussion section. No major difficulties were encountered with the high school students or with the first year university ones, and a high degree of satisfaction was found

BYOD for physics lab: Studying Newton's law of cooling with a smartphone

In this paper we discuss a simple and inexpensive method to introduce students to Newton''s law of cooling using only their smartphones, according to the Bring-Your-Own-Device philosophy. A popular experiment in basic thermodynamics, both at a high-school and at University level, is the determination of the specific heat of solids and liquids using a water calorimeter, resourcing in many cases to a mercury thermometer. With our approach the analogical instrument is quickly turned into a digital device by analyzing the movement of the mercury with a video tracker. Tus, using very simple labware and the students'' smartphones or tablets, it is possible to observe the decay behavior of the temperature of a liquid lef to cool at room temperature. Te dependence of the time constant with the mass and surface of the liquid can be easily probed, and the results of the different groups in the classroom can be brought together to observe the linear dependence

Efeitos cardiorrespiratórios da buprenorfina em cães anestesiados pelo desfluorano Cardiorespiratory effects of buprenorphine in dogs anesthetized with desflurane

Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar os efeitos da buprenorfina sobre variáveis cardiovasculares e respiratórias em cães durante anestesia com desfluorano. Para tanto, foram utilizados 20 cães adultos, distribuídos em dois grupos (GB e GC). A anestesia foi induzida com propofol (8mg kg-1 IV) e em seguida os animais foram intubados com sonda de Magill, a qual foi conectada ao aparelho de anestesia para administração de desfluorano (1,5 CAM). Após 30 minutos, foi aplicado no GB buprenorfina (0,02mg kg-1) e no GC solução de NaCl à 0,9% (0,05ml kg-1). Avaliaram-se: freqüências cardíaca e respiratória (FC e <FONT FACE=Symbol>&brvbar;</FONT>); pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média (PAS, PAD e PAM); débito cardíaco (DC); pressão venosa central (PVC); e as variáveis hemogasométricas pH, PaCO2, PaO2, HCO3, SatO2 e DB. As colheitas dos dados foram feitas aos 30 minutos após o início da administração do desfluorano (MO), 15 minutos após a administração do opióide ou placebo (M15), e a cada 15 minutos após Ml5 (M30, M45, M60 e M75). A avaliação estatística dos dados foi efetuada por meio de Análise de Perfil (P<0,05). Houve discreta redução da FC no GB, enquanto as outras variáveis cardiovasculares não tiveram redução significativa. A <FONT FACE=Symbol>&brvbar;</FONT> e o pH tiveram reduções no GB, enquanto a PaCO2 esteve aumentada. Concluiu-se que a inclusão da buprenorfina durante anestesia inalatória pelo desfluorano determina discretas alterações cardiovasculares, bem-como potencializa a hipoventilação promovida pelo desfluorano, com a manifestação de hipercapnia, o que não contra-indica o seu uso em pacientes estáveis.<br>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of buprenorphine on cardiovascular and respiratory variables in dogs anesthetized with desflurane. Twenty adult healthy male and female mongrel dogs were randomly distributed in two groups of ten animals each (GB and GC). The anesthetic induction was done using propofol (8mg kg-1, IV), and immediately, the dogs were intubated and submited to desflurane anesthesia administrated at 1.5 MAC. After 30 minutes of induction, animals from GB received buprenorphine (0.02mg kg-1) and GC saline solution at 0.9% (0.05ml kg-1), both applied intramuscularly. Heart Rate (HR); Systolic, Diastolic and Mean Arterial Blood Pressure (SAP, DAP and MAP); Cardiac Output (CO); Venous Central Pressure (VCP); Respiratory Rate (RR); Corporal Temperature (CT) and hemogasometrics variables. The measurement were realized 30 minutes after beginning the inhalatory anesthesia (MO); 15 minutes after opioid or saline administration (M15). Serial measurements were carried out in 15-minute intervals after M15 (M30, M45, M60 and M75). The numerical data were submited to ANOVA (P<0.05). The HR, RR and pH decreased after opioid administration, while for PaCO2 increased. The results allow us to conclude that buprenorphine determine discreet reduction in the cardiovascular parameters and promotes potentially hypoventilation in dogs anesthetized with desflurane