UMA PERSPECTIVA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO TERRITORIAL RURAL EM VISTA À EVOLUÇÃO DA CADEIA AVÍCOLA NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO JOSÉ DO VALE DO RIO PRETO – RJ

 O Município de São José do Vale do Rio Preto é considerado o maior produtor hortifrutigranjeiro do estado do Rio de Janeiro, estando localizado a 130km da capital, e composto por aproximadamente 22 mil habitantes. A cidade apresenta grande relevância para o contexto territorial da região serrana fluminense, onde na década de 50 foi reconhecido como maior produtor avícola da América do Sul. A partir de uma investigação bibliográfica e documental, este artigo buscou identificar as bases históricas de sua cadeia produtiva, haja vista que ao longo dos séculos o atual Município recebeu distintas nomenclaturas, sendo alvo de disputa territorial dada sua localização estratégica. O trabalho discutiu o que é desenvolvimento rural e concluiu para a necessidade de políticas públicas específicas para garantir a viabilidade da avicultura na região.The municipality of São José do Vale do Rio Preto is considered the largest horticultural producer in the state of Rio de Janeiro, being located 130km from the capital, and comprising approximately 22 thousand inhabitants. The city has great relevance to the territorial context of the highland region of Rio de Janeiro, where in the 50s it was already recognized as the largest poultry producer in South America. Based on a bibliographical and documentary research, this article sought to identify the historical bases of its chain productive, given that over the centuries the current municipality received different nomenclatures, being the target of territorial dispute due to its strategic location. The article discussed what rural development is and concluded to the need for specific public policies to ensure the viability of poultry farming in the region

Schiff bases complexed with iron and their relation with the life cycle and infection by Schistosoma mansoni

Funding Information: This work was supported by the Support Foundation of São Paulo (FAPESP) [No. 2014/12568-4] and National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) [No. 100763/2015-4] received by JV da Silva. Acknowledgments Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 da Silva, Moreira, Montija, Feitosa, Correia, Domingues, Soares, Allegretti, Afonso and Anibal.Introduction: The trematode Schistosoma mansoni causes schistosomiasis, and this parasite’s life cycle depends on the mollusk Biomphalaria glabrata. The most effective treatment for infected people is administering a single dose of Praziquantel. However, there are naturally resistant to treatment. This work has developed, considering this parasite’s complex life cycle. Methods: The synthetics compound were evaluated: i) during the infection of B. glabrata, ii) during the infection of BALB/c mice, and iii) during the treatment of mice infected with S. mansoni. Results and Discussion: For the first objective, snails infected with miracidia treated with compounds C1 and C3 at concentrations of 25% IC50 and 50% IC50, after 80 days of infection, released fewer cercariae than the infected group without treatment. For the second objective, compounds C1 and C3 did not show significant results in the infected group without treatment. For the third objective, the mice treated with C3 and C1 reduced the global and differential cell count. The results suggest that although the evaluated compounds do not present schistosomicidal properties when placed in cercariae suspension, they can stimulate an immune reaction in snails and decrease mice’s inflammatory response. In general, we can conclude that compound C1 and C3 has an anti-schistosomicidal effect both in the larval phase (miracidia) and in the adult form of the parasite.publishersversionpublishe

Analysis and pattern recognition in vegetable vascular bundles

Os tecidos vasculares ou tecidos condutores são os responsáveis pelo transporte de água, sais minerais e nutrientes ao longo do vegetal. A literatura evidencia a existência de cinco tipos de feixes vasculares vegetais sendo eles: colateral aberto, colateral fechado, bicolateral, anficrival e anfivasal. Tradicionalmente, a identificação desses tipos de feixes é feita por especialistas em anatomia vegetal. Contudo, os avanços na área de análise de imagens digitais vem abrindo caminho para que estudo morfológico vegetal ganhem novas ferramentas de análise. Os avanços na ciência também têm promovido a interdisciplinaridade em pesquisas e isso tem gerado novas aplicações e abordagens. Partindo dessa premissa, este trabalho analisou imagens microscópicas dos diversos feixes vasculares com o objetivo de promover um estudo capaz de 1) prover subsídios para segmentação em imagens microscópicas de vegetais e 2) contribuir para trabalhos de identificação tecidual. A aquisição das imagens foi feita por meio de microscopia óptica. As lâminas histológicas preparadas com cortes transversais de caules frescos, de espécies representativas de cada tipo de feixe vascular foram visualizadas e digitalizadas. As imagens foram segmentadas manualmente e foram extraídos atributos de quatro categorias: Forma, densidade, regularidade estrutural e multiescala. As matrizes contendo os valores obtidos foram submetidas a análise individual, análise par a par e análise de componentes principais, com o objetivo de selecionar atributos relevantes para a caracterização de tecidos vasculares. Todas as categorias de atributos foram avaliadas pelas abordagens k-Nearest Neighbors e Perceptron Multicamada, tanto em suas composições originais quanto após aplicação da análise de componente principal. Ao final, um conjunto de atributos foi selecionado. Esse conjunto obteve 91,67% de acertos em ambos classificadores ou seja, foi o que obteve melhor desempenho classificatório dos feixes vasculares vegetais. Um outro resultado relevante foi que o uso de atributos multiescala levou a uma porcentagem de acerto maior (81,66%) do que atributos tradicionalmente usados para descrever feixes vasculares, como por exemplo descritores de forma (70,84%). Ademais, nosso trabalho também estudou as possíveis explicações biológicas dos descritores selecionados. Isso indica que o presente trabalho foi capaz, não só, de elencar atributos capazes de classificar com bom desempenho os feixes vasculares vegetais, como também apresentar interpretações biológicas que potencialmente justifiquem os resultados aqui apresentados.Vascular tissues or conducting tissues are responsible for transporting water, mineral salts and nutrients throughout the plant. The literature shows the existence of five types of vegetable vascular bundles, namely: open collateral, closed collateral, bicolateral, amphicrival and amphivasal. The science that studies plants tissues is known as plant histology. Traditionally, the identification of these types of bundles is done by specialists in plant anatomy. However, advances in the area of digital image analysis are paving the way for plant morphological studies to gain new analysis tools. Advances in science have also promoted interdisciplinarity in research and this has generated new applications and approaches. Based on this premise, this work analyzed microscopic images of the various vascular bundles in order to promote a study capable of 1) providing subsidies for segmentation in microscopic images of plants and 2) contributing to the work of tissue identification. The acquisition of the images was made by means of optical microscopy. We visualized and scanned the histological slides prepared with cross sections of fresh stems, of species representative of each type of vascular bundle. The images were manually segmented and attributes from four categories were extracted: Shape, density, structural regularity and multiscale. The matrices containing the attribute values were subjected to individual analysis, peer analysis and principal component analysis in order to select the attributes that were most relevant throughout the work. The four categories of attributes, the selected attributes and a set containing all the extracted descriptors were evaluated by the k-Nearest Neighbors and Multilayer Perceptron approaches, both in their original dimensions and after application of the main component analysis. In the end, the category that contained the selected attributes obtained the best classificatory performance of the vascular bundles, reaching 91.67% of correct answers in both classifiers. Another relevant result was that the multiscale category obtained a higher percentage of correct answers (81.66%) than categories traditionally used to describe vascular bundles, such as shape (70.84%). In addition, our work also studied the possible biological explanations of the selected descriptors. This indicates that the present work was able, not only, to list attributes capable of classifying plant vascular bundles with good performance, but also to present biological interpretations that potentially justify the results presented here

Muscle transcriptome analysis reveals genes and metabolic pathways related to mineral concentration in Bos indicus

Mineral content affects the biological processes underlying beef quality. Muscle mineral concentration depends not only on intake-outtake balance and muscle type, but also on age, environment, breed, and genetic factors. To unveil the genetic factors involved in muscle mineral concentration, we applied a pairwise differential gene expression analysis in groups of Nelore steers genetically divergent for nine different mineral concentrations. Here, based on significant expression differences between contrasting groups, we presented candidate genes for the genetic regulation of mineral concentration in muscle. Functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction network analyses were carried out to search for gene regulatory processes concerning each mineral. The core genetic regulation for all minerals studied, except Zn, seems to rest on interactions between components of the extracellular matrix. Regulation of adipogenesis-related pathways was also significant in our results. Antagonistic patterns of gene expression for fatty acid metabolism-related genes may explain the Cu and Zn antagonistic effect on fatty acid accumulation. Our results shed light on the role of these minerals on cell function