Multi-specialization: The concept, motivations and impact on individuals

We present the concept of multi-specialization for those building careers, which refers to workers becoming very familiar with two or three fields of knowledge. This requires a compromise between individual capacity and individual learning needs and also means that workers will need tomaintain or achieve higher levels of productivity, ensuring or enhancing social welfare. Taking into account the differences between this concept and the traditional concepts of single-field specialization, we were able to uncover and highlight several positive possible results that many workers expect to experience when adopting this work perspective and, at the same time, to hear their concerns. A questionnaire and a set of interviews allow us to understand the individual experiences of those studied in this context.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Giving Out But Not Giving Up: The Port of Lisbon Authority (1907-2005)

This article explores the way government has been managing the antagonism between institutional forces towards efficiency and those towards control in the international seaport of Lisbon. We conclude that the antagonism emerges in the presence of certain institutional forces, like economic downturns and political changes, that stimulate the adoption of new adequate templates. Governments have come to manage this antagonism through the separation between the strategic and operational structures, and by controlling strategic issues while giving operational autonomy. As such, organizational transformations have reflected this way to manage the antagonism. Given the emergence of new institutional templates (e.g. corporate governance) we also identify major challenges governments will face to integrate contradictory institutional forces

Training for happiness: the impacts of different positive exercises on hedonism and eudaemonia

Theoretical conceptions on happiness have generally considered two broad perspectives: hedonic enjoyment and eudaemonia. However, most research on how to improve people’s happiness has focused primarily on the enhance‑ ment of hedonic happiness. In this longitudinal experimental study we test the differential impact of two positive exercises—Best Possible Selves and the Lottery Question—on hedonic and eudaemonic happiness. The hypothesis that the practice of the Best Possible Selves exercise would increase hedonic happiness was confirmed. This effect was immediate and maintained a week after the exercise. Furthermore, this exercise also increased eudaemonic happiness. However, its effect decreased after a week. Contrary to what was expected the Lottery Question exercise decreased both eudaemonic happiness and hedonic happiness over time. We discuss implications of this study for the literature on positive psychological and behavioral interventions to increase happiness.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

CASE STUDIES ON WHAT ENTREPRENEURS ACTUALLY DO TO ATTRACT RESOURCES: A TWO-ROUTE FRAMEWORK

Taking a grounded approach, we devised a framework to explain how entrepreneurs attract critical resources to venture creation and development. The study was based on qualitative data from a series of interviews with thirteen entrepreneurs conducted in a sample of six case studies. The framework distinguishes two routes that entrepreneurs use to attract resources for their ventures: idea selling, referring to how the entrepreneurs seek to engage others within the venture and to persuade them to support their entrepreneurial efforts; and network building, concerning the attraction effects of the entrepreneurs' social network positions and venture legitimacy. The framework adds to entrepreneurship theory by proposing a conceptual model of resource gathering strategies in new venture creation and development.Entrepreneurship, resource attraction, idea selling, network building

Tolerance is Not Enough: The Moderating Role of Optimism on Perceptions of Regional Economic Performance

Tolerance, Creative class, Optimism, Happiness, Life-satisfaction,

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data