La conquête du droit des contrats du commerce international par les principes UNIDROIT, une réalité ?

"UNIDROIT Principles" are the fruit of a work team composed of Worldwide experts well known in the contract Law and international field and coming from different Law systems. Resulting from skilful codification, they do not have the legislate power which is usually compulsory. Only the individual willingness can give this power to them on the occasion of a specific agreement. The Principles made up of a Corpus of contract rules specifically aimed at a modern trading custom can be chosen as laws managing the contract, interpret or complement national or international uniform law instruments, used as a model for national or international legislators. But, if we consider the growing interest they have aroused in the opinion of the actors on the world trading stage for more than 10 years, we may wonder if it is likely to impart the rules of laws to them in the long run.Les principes UNIDROIT sont le fruit d'un groupe de travail formé d'experts mondialement reconnus dans les domaines du droit des contrats et du droit international et provenant de systèmes juridiques différents. Oeuvre savante de codification, ils n'ont pas la force obligatoire législative. Seule la volonté individuelle à l'occasion d'une convention déterminée peut la leur conférer. Les principes forment un corpus de règles contractuelles spécifiquement destinées à la pratique commerciale moderne pouvant : être choisies comme loi régissant le contrat, interpréter ou compléter des instruments de droit uniforme nationaux ou internationaux, servir de modèle aux législateurs nationaux ou internationaux. Mais l'intérêt grandissant qu'ils suscitent depuis plus de dix ans auprès des acteurs du commerce international est-il susceptible de leur conférer à terme la qualification de règles de droit

Can specific attentional skills be modified with mindfulness training for novice practitioners?

Mindfulness practice is becoming an accepted psychological intervention used in clinical settings to help enhance attention. To date however relatively few randomised control trial (RCT) studies have investigated the effect of mindfulness training on attentional skills in novice practitioners. This study examined the effect of daily mindfulness practice on changes in attention skills; alerting, orienting and executive control in novice practitioners. Forty six university students from Perth, Western Australia were randomly assigned to one of two groups (mindfulness or waitlist control). Baseline analyses of psychological wellbeing indicated that the two groups initially were comparable in this domain. Pre- and post-test assessments using the Attention Network Test (ANT) were conducted to measure attention skills. Repeated measures ANOVA were used to examine the effect of intervention. Significant improvement in orienting and executive control skills following the mindfulness intervention was noted, however, no changes in alerting attentional skills were detected. Mindfulness practice impacted on the fundamental processes of the selective (orienting) and executive attention (executive control) networks which may in turn have additional beneficial effects in a variety of domains and situations. These findings add to existing literature that supports the positive and beneficial effect of regular mindfulness practice for the enhancement of attentional skills and its potential application to clinical populations