Normalizing subversion : the funny women of post-network television

Comedy is a significant space for the expansion and subversion of existing social constructions of gender. As women stand-up comics increasingly transition from stage to television in the post-network era, a range of comedic styles has unfolded; these comics are providing deeper and more complex representations of women on television. The comedian-writers Cameron Esposito, Rhea Butcher, and Mindy Kaling demonstrate different degrees of resistance to cultural gender norms within the sitcom worlds and characters they create. Rather than resist as women and as gender nonconforming from the margins, these comedians stealthily center their identities and bodies using familiar television narrative devices. In doing so, they reposition their non-normative status as mainstream, further normalizing their subversiveness. This project explores how the comedians’ television texts, Take My Wife and The Mindy Project, engage in normalizing strategies, distinct from both post-feminist and assimilationist storytelling, to frame their non-normative identities as conventional. While their sitcom texts sometimes operate in a post-feminist, post-queer, and post-racial setting, the comedians bring their critical intersectional and feminist commentary into their respective television series. This strategy is compatible with the marketing plans of a growing number of over-the-top (OTT) platforms creating distinctive niche content that is geared toward multiple and smaller audiences. Here, in addition to exploring how notions of femininity, queerness, motherhood, race, and ethnicity are constructed in these contemporary post-network television series, I examine the cultural and television industry contexts in which they were producedRadio-Television-Fil

Exposition Camilo Egas

d'Harcourt Marguerite. Exposition Camilo Egas. In: Journal de la Société des Américanistes. Tome 18, 1926. p. 361

Exposition Camilo Egas

d'Harcourt Marguerite. Exposition Camilo Egas. In: Journal de la Société des Américanistes. Tome 18, 1926. p. 361

L'opinion catholique allemande et la victoire de Hitler

Datos tomados do textoSeparata de: Études (jan. 1931

Transgenerational transmission of epigenetic traits in traumatization

Being the victim of traumatizing events has consequences that can lead to wellknown mental disorders, such as depression. However, newest studies show that these events do not only affect the victims’ behavior, but also the expression levels of specific genes in their blood and in their brain. Latest research discovered little pieces of RNA in the cells that were long thought to be genetic junk. Nevertheless, these so-called miRNAs can regulate the expression of multiple genes, thus modulating metabolism and cell functioning. The aim of this study was to see if childhood traumatization led to a set of differentially expressed miRNA profiles in the peripheral blood. For this, we used subjects from the SHIP trend cohort, who had previously answered various questionnaires, among them the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Patients Health Questionnaire-9 and analyzed the miRNAs in their blood to find out whether there was an association between the score and the dysregulation of certain miRNAs. Furthermore, we selected 5 different independent variables: PHQ-trend, CTQ score, as well as its subscales Abuse and Neglect, and Major Depressive Disorder lifetime prevalence. The analyses showed a set of up- or downregulated miRNAs in the blood. In a second step, we tried to replicate our results comparing them to results in the literature. Some of the significantly dysregulated miRNAs had previously been described as key players in the pathogenesis of MDD, a few even displaying similar results to ours. The next step was to see if the significant miRNAs had common target genes and if these had been described in the literature as having an influence on MDD, showing positive results. One last step was to see if there were also common biological pathways that were modulated by the differentially expressed miRNA. This analysis did not show promising results since there were almost no brain pathways among the results. For future studies, it will be necessary to validate our results using a clinical sample, such as GANI_MED, where the prevalence of childhood traumatization, as well as MDD, is much higher. By doing this, new possibilities of trauma treatment through modulation of epigenetic pathways could arise. If childhood traumatization leads to a set of dysregulated miRNAs that can end in a positive diagnosis of MDD in adulthood, what effects could have a targeted miRNA therapy on the pathogenesis of these psychiatric disorders?Traumatische Erlebnisse können bei ihren Opfern zu belegten psychiatrischen Störungen führen. Aktuelle Studien zeigen zudem, dass die Auswirkung von Traumata sich nicht nur im Verhalten der Betroffenen zeigt, sie beeinflusst sogar die Aktivität spezifischer Gene in Blut und Gehirn. Demnach besitzen miRNAs, RNABruchstücke die lange als genetischer Abfall eingeordnet wurden, die Fähigkeit, Gene zu beeinflussen, und somit den Metabolismus und Zellfunktionen zu regulieren. Diese Arbeit eruiert, ob Kindheitstraumata die Expression von miRNAs im Blut der Opfer verändern. Im Rahmen der SHIP Trend Studie beantworteten Probanden unter anderem die standardisierten Fragebögen ‚PHQ 9‘, ‚CTQ‘, und ‚Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview‘. Eine Blutanalyse vergleicht die Ergebnisse der Fragebögen mit der Expression bestimmter miRNAs bei den Probanden und zeigt eine Reihe hoch- und herabregulierter miRNAs auf. Manche der in unserer Studie als dysreguliert erwiesenen miRNAs wurden in der Literatur bereits im Zusammenhang mit Depression dokumentiert, teils mit vergleichbaren Ergebnissen zu unseren. Als nächstes prüften wir, ob signifikante miRNAs unseres Experiments gemeinsame Gene modulieren und ob diese Gene in der Literatur als Akteure in der Entstehung und Erhaltung von Depression verstanden werden. Abschließende Untersuchungen sollten zeigen, ob die miRNAs auch gemeinsame biologische Signalwege regulieren. Obgleich sie tatsächlich an gemeinsamen Signalwegen beteiligt sind, zeigte sich kaum Einfluss auf Gehirnmetabolismus oder -aktivität. Unsere Ergebnisse bedürfen der Validierung in weiteren Experimenten. Wir sehen die Möglichkeit der Wiederholung mit einer klinischen Stichprobe, zum Beispiel im Rahmen der GANI_MED Studie, wo die Prävalenz von Kindheitstraumata, aber auch von Depression höher sind. Dieser Ansatz eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten der Therapierbarkeit psychiatrischer Folgeerkrankungen über die Regulierung epigenetischer Mechanismen. Wenn Kindheitstraumata die Expression von miRNAs im Blut der Opfer so verändern, dass im Erwachsenenalter folglich eine Depression diagnostiziert wird, welche Auswirkungen hätte eine gezielte, frühzeitige Therapie mittels miRNA-Modulation auf die Eindämmung dieser psychiatrischen Erkrankungen