Giant cell tumor-like lesion of the urinary bladder: a report of two cases and literature review; giant cell tumor or undifferentiated carcinoma?

<p>Summary</p> <p>Giant cell tumor, excluding its prototype in bone, is usually a benign but local aggressive neoplasm originating from tendon sheath or soft tissue. Malignant behavior is uncommon. Visceral organ involvement including urinary bladder is rare. Giant cell tumors in visceral organs usually accompany epithelial tumors and the clinical behavior of giant cell tumor in urinary bladder is similar to its bone counterpart. Here, we report two cases of giant cell tumor located in urinary bladder in comparison with nine reported cases in the English literature. Concurrent noninvasive urothelial carcinoma was also described in all these previous reports and only one patient with follow-up died of disease. One of the two cases we present had no concurrent urothelial tumor at the time of diagnosis but had a history of a low grade noninvasive urothelial carcinoma with three recurrences. The histology of these two cases was similar to the giant cell tumor of bone and composed of oval to spindle mononuclear cells with evenly spaced osteoclast-like giant cells. Immunohistochemically, the giant cells showed staining with osteoclastic markers including CD68, TRAP, and LCA. Immunohistochemical expression of vimentin, CD68, LCA, and smooth muscle actin in mononuclear cells supported a mesenchymal origin with histiocytic lineage. The histologic and immunohistochemical properties in our cases as well as their clinical courses were consistent with a giant cell tumor. Consequently, tumors in urinary bladder showing features of giant cell tumor of bone may also be considered and termed "giant cell tumor".</p

Relationship between PD-L1 expression and prognostic factors in high-risk cutaneous squamous and basal cell carcinoma

This study aimed to investigate the programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and its relationship with prognostic factors in tumors that are not in the head and neck region and are therefore relatively less exposed to the sun. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 25 invasive cSCC and 42 BCC cases with a diameter ≥ 2 cm located outside the head and neck region from 2010 to 2018. The biopsy samples were examined based on the membranous PD-L1 (22C3 clone) staining. Staining results were scored as follows: 0, no staining (negative); 1, < 10% PD-L1 positivity of tumor cells; and 2, ≥ 10% PD-L1 positivity of tumor cells. PD-L1 positivity was not seen in any BCC cases, whereas 11 (44%) of cSCC cases were PD-L1 positive. No significant relationship was observed between PD-L1 expression and prognostic parameters, including tumor diameter, tumor depth, and lymphovascular or perineural invasion in the cSCC group. PD-L1 expression was not associated with prognostic factors in the early stages of BCC and SCC located outside the head and neck region. Therefore, investigating the PD-L1 expression seems to be more relevant in patients with advanced-stage disease.

Post Polio Sendromu: Olgu Sunumu

Post-poliomyelit sendromu (PPS) polio virüsünün neden olduğu ilk akut atak sonrasında kurtulan hastalarda yıllar sonra görülen anormal yorgunluk, güçsüzlük ve musküler atrofi şikayetleri ile kendini gösteren nadir bir durumdur. Bu olgu sunumunda böbrek taşı şüphesi ile bilgisayarlı tomografi uygulanan hastada saptanan post- poliomyelit sendromuna bağlı de- ğişiklikler literatür bilgileri eşliğinde tartışılmıştır. Olgumuzda bilgisayarlı tomografi incelemesinde solda pelvik kaslarda yaygın atrofi saptandı

The Incidence of Cystic Fibrosis in the Central Region of Anatolia in Turkey Between 2015 and 2016

Background: Prognostic significance of the programmed death-ligand-1 status in non-small cell lung carcinoma remains controversial. Aims: To show the programmed death-ligand-1 expression status in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma and its effect on the prognosis and the relationship with clinicopathologic data. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: The study included 208 cases who were diagnosed with NSCLC and who underwent surgical resection between 2001 and 2012. Programmed death-ligand-1 (SP142 clone) was applied to the histological sections acquired from the microarray paraffin blocks with immunohistochemistry. Staining intensity was scored as weak (+, 1), moderate (++, 2), and strong (+++, 3). Percentage (0%-100%) was multiplied by staining intensity (1-2-3) to calculate the H score. Four different cut-off values were used; 1: ≥1% (independent of intensity), 2: ≥5% (independent of intensity), 3: ≥5% moderate/strong staining (except for weak staining), 4: H score ≥30 values were considered positive. In this study, staining a single cell at any intensity was considered positive. Results: Thirty-four out 208 cases (16.3%) had PDL-1 positive staining. PDL-1 expression was observed in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma independent of the histological type or subtype (range; 0-25%). When the cut-off level was set to ≥5% with moderate and strong staining, the median overall survival was 45 months for the PD-L1 positive group and not reached for the PD-L1 negative group (p-value 0.024). PD-L1 positivity was significantly higher in patients over the age of 60 years and in cases with a tumor diameter of more than 5 cm (p=0.023 and 0.025, respectively). Conclusion: PD-L1 expression is positive in 16.3% of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and may have a negative prognostic value

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia clinically diagnosed as partial hydatidiform mole: Case report

Plasental mezenkimal displazi nadir görülen bir plasenta anomalisidir. Plasenta normalden büyük olup kistik villuslar ve genişlemiş kalın duvarlı damarlar mevcuttur. Bu anomalinin önemi klinik ve patolojik olarak parsiyel mol hidatiforma benzemesi ve genellikle Beckwith- Wiedemann sendromu ile birliktelik göstermesidir. Doğum öncesi rutin takiplerinde parsiyel mol hidatiform tanısı alan plasental mezenkimal displazi olgusu, plasenta dışında anomalisi olmayan 20. vaka olması ve nadir görülmesi nedeniyle sunulmuştur.Placental mesenchymal dysplasia is a rare placental abnormality. Placenta is found to be enlarged with cystic villi and dilated thick vascular structures. Importance of this abnormality is the clinical and morphological similarity to the partial hydatidiform mole and presentation with Beckwith- Wiedemann syndrome. Our case was diagnosed as partial hydatidiform mole in her rutin pregnancy controls. This is the 20. case in literature that had not any extra-placental abnormality

Effects of Glutamine on Healing of Traumatic Oral Mucosal Lesions: An Experimental Study

Ama&ccedil;: Glutaminin (GLN); asit&ndash;baz dengesi, protein d&ouml;n&uuml;ş&uuml;m&uuml; ve amonyak metabolizmasının d&uuml;zenlenmesinde, katabolik durumlarda ve immun sistemin g&uuml;&ccedil;lenmesinde &ouml;nemli g&ouml;revleri bulunmaktadır. Klinik ve ekonomik olarak bir&ccedil;ok problem yol a&ccedil;an oral mukozal lezyonların &ouml;nlenmesi, bakımı ve tedavisi &ouml;nemlidir. Bu deneysel hayvan modelinde; topikal ve sistemik yolla (enteral, parenteral) uygulanan GLN&rsquo;nin travmatik oral mukozal lezyonlarda pozitif ve farklı etkilerinin ortaya &ccedil;ıkarılması ama&ccedil;landı. Y&ouml;ntemler: Bu &ccedil;alışmaya 21 Wistar Albino sı&ccedil;an d&acirc;hil edildi ve 4 gruba ayrıldı. T&uuml;m sı&ccedil;anlara intraperitoneal anestezi uygulamasından sonra ağız i&ccedil;erisinde travmatik oral mukozal lezyon oluşturuldu. Kontrol grubunda; travmatik oral mukozal lezyon oluşturuldu ve tedavi uygulanmadı. &Ccedil;alışma gruplarında; GLN tedavisi parenteral, enteral ve topikal yollarla uygulandı. Travmatik oral mukozal lezyonun iyileşmesi makroskopik olarak g&ouml;zlendi. Sı&ccedil;anlar sakrifiye edildikten sonra biyopsiler alınarak histopatolojik ve biyokimyasal olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Biyopsilerin histopatolojik incelenmesinde; akut inflamasyon a&ccedil;ısından kontrol grubu ile parenteral/topikal gruplar arasında, epitelyal proliferasyon a&ccedil;ısından kontrol ve parenteral gruplar arasında, fibrosis a&ccedil;ısından kontrol ve topikal gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptandı. Biyokimyasal analizlerde; yalnızca malondialdehit d&uuml;zeyleri a&ccedil;ısından kontrol ve enteral gruplar arasında anlamlı bir farklılık g&ouml;r&uuml;ld&uuml; (p&lt;0,02). Sonu&ccedil;: Glutaminin (GLN) takviyesinin travmatik oral mukozal lezyonların tedavisinde olumlu etkisi olduğu g&ouml;r&uuml;ld&uuml;. GLN&rsquo;nin parenteral yol ile verilmesi topikal ve enteral yol ile verilmesine kıyasla daha iyi sonu&ccedil; verdiği g&ouml;r&uuml;ld&uuml;. Buna rağmen, GLN&rsquo;nin parenteral yol ile verilmesi topikal ve enteral yol ile verilmesine kıyasla daha iyi sonu&ccedil; verdiği g&ouml;r&uuml;ld&uuml;. Anahtar kelimeler: Deneysel &ccedil;alışma, glutamin, oral mukozit, travmatik yar

Concomitant endometriosis in malignant and borderline ovarian tumours

31st Annual Meeting of the European-Society-of-Human-Reproduction-and-Embryology (ESHRE) -- January 14-17, 2015 -- Lisbon, PortugalWOS: 000359740302020...European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryolog

Evaluation of high-risk features of primary enucleation of patients with retinoblastoma in a tertiary center of a developing country in the era of intra-arterial chemotherapy

WOS: 000428760800023PubMed ID: 28058667Purpose To evaluate the frequency of high-risk histopathologic factors in Turkish children enucleated for retinoblastoma and to analyze the association between growth pattern, rosetta formation, tumor thickness, presence of necrosis, calcification, neovascularization, rate of mitosis, and high-risk histopathologic factors. Methods Pathology reports of 59 eyes who had received enucleation for retinoblastoma were reviewed retrospectively. The histopathologic data included presence of choroidal invasion, optic nerve invasion, scleral extension, tumor thickness, presence of necrosis, calcification, neovascularization, rosetta formation and lymphocyte infiltration, rate of mitosis, and growth pattern. Results This study included 59 eyes from 30 (50.8%) male and 29 (49.2%) female patients. The mean age was 22.87 +/- 18.99 months. There were 30 (50.8%) eyes with choroidal invasion, 30 (50.8%) eyes with optic nerve invasion, and 5 (8.5%) eyes with scleral invasion. Endophytic growth pattern was seen in 27 (45.8%) eyes, exophytic growth pattern was seen in 2 (3.4%) eyes, and combined growth pattern was seen in 30 (50.8%) eyes. Exophytic growth pattern was found statistically related to choroidal invasion (p = 0.00). Although tumor with greater thickness tended to have more choroidal invasion (p = 0.02), there was no relation between tumor thickness and optic nerve invasion (p = 0.09). Conclusions Incidences of choroidal and optic nerve invasion showed similarity with other developing countries. Because of higher incidence of high-risk factors, intra-arterial chemotherapy with its targeted effect should be preferred carefully