The effect of special training exercise on FGF21 expression and FGFR-1 among CABG patients

Background: The aim of this study is to evalute special training exercise on the FGF21 and FGFR-1 among coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) patients. Materials and Methods: The study method was semi-experimental and the statistical population was patients who had heart disease, after coronary artery bypass surgery. Results: The study results showed 8 weeks of special exercises among the experimental group had a significant increase in the expression levels of FGF21 and FGFR1 among CABG patients, compared to the control group. Physical activity may increase FGF21 levels, which is an important factor in oxidative stress and inflammation. Conclusion: The study results showed 8 weeks of special exercises among the experimental group had a significant increase in the expression levels of FGF21 and FGFR1 among CABG patients, compared to the control group. Physical activity may increase FGF21 levels, which is an important factor in oxidative stress and inflammation. &nbsp

Response of MIR-1 and HSP-60 Gene Expression to Endurance Training in Heart Tissue of Rats

MicroRNAs and heat shock proteins are important factors in heart function. However, the response of these factors to exercise in the heart tissue is unclear. Here, we evaluated the impact of endurance training on the expression of MIR-1 and HSP-60 genes in heart tissue of rats. In this study, 10 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups control and endurance training. The aerobic exercise program included running on the treadmill at speed of 25 m min-1, 5 days a week for 12 weeks. After anesthesia, we performed an autopsy to collect the heart. The expression level of MIR-1 and HSP60 were measured by Real-Time PCR. An Independent t-test was used to determine significant changes (P<0.05). After the intervention period, the expression level of the MIR-1 gene showed a significant decrease in the aerobic exercise group thank in the control group (P=0.001). However, aerobic training had no significant effect on the expression level of HSP60 in the heart (P<0.05). It seems that twelve weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can probably improve heart function

The Effect of Strength Training and Consumption of Glutamine Supplement on GH/IGF1 Axis

Physical activity and diet are factors that influence the body's structure. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of four weeks of resistance training, and glutamine supplement consumption on growth hormone (GH), and Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) Axis. 40 amateur male bodybuilders, participated in this study. They were randomly divided into four equal groups, Resistance (R), Glutamine (G), Resistance with Glutamine (RG), and Control (C). The R group was assigned to a four week resistance training program, three times/week, three sets of 10 exercises with 6-10 repetitions, at the 80-95% 1RM (One Repetition Maximum), with 120 seconds rest between sets), G group is consuming l-glutamine (0.1 g/kg-1/day-1), RG group resistance training with consuming L-glutamine, and C group continued their normal lifestyle without exercise training. GH, IGF1, IGFBP-III plasma levels were measured before and after the protocol. One-way ANOVA indicated significant change in GH, IGF, and IGFBP-III between the four groups, and the Tukey test demonstrated significant increase in GH, IGF1, IGFBP-III plasma levels in R, and RG group. Based upon these findings, we concluded that resistance training at 80-95% 1RM intensity, and resistance training along with oral glutamine shows significantly increase secretion of GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP-III in amateur males, but the addition of oral glutamine to the exercise program did not show significant difference in GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP-III

Theoretical Study Of Triple-Flame Temperature Distribution In Heat-Recirculated Microcombustor

This paper presents a two-dimensional analytical method for investigating the triple-flame temperature profile in a microcombustor. For this purpose, the microcombustor chamber is divided into a preheat and a reaction zone and the role of heat recirculation from the flame zone into the preheat zone is taken into account in this research. It is indicated that the maximum temperature is strongly dependent on this phenomenon. This analysis is done by applying the energy conversion equation in each zone and then solving these equations along with required boundary and matching conditions by the use of partial differential equation method. The outcome of this research leads to the temperature profile in preheat and flame zone, and also the effects of combustor characteristics on the temperature distribution

A Comparative Recognition of Form and Content Transformation of the Triple Archetype with Emphasis on the Tree Motif in Iranian Carpets

Abstract Drawings on artwork in the form of ancient symbolic motifs from prehistoric times to the present day have been illustrated in abstract and naturalized manner. These concepts have purposes such as magic, amulet, ornament, allegory, lived experience, narrative, and so on. The triple archetype is also considered as one of such original and symbolic motifs. In Iranian art this motif has preserved its essence over time and in various governmental, political and religious circumstances and has moved from one era to another and has advanced with the development of ethnic groups. The three constituent elements of such an archetype consists of plant (tree or flower), human and animal (cattle and birds) elements which include a central pattern and two symmetrically patterns appearing on the two sides of the central feature. The pivotal point is how the Holy Trinity evolved from the sacred space to the decorative space. This transition has been maintained in various ways and is still present in the context of contemporary Iranian art. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze 58 selected framed samples of Iranian paintings with an iconographic approach. These frames have been selected from Proto-Elamite to Contemporary with emphasis on the triple archetype on the Persian carpet which has 39 items. The results of the study show that traces of symbolism and sacredness are evident in the drawing of artifacts on the context of artworks, in spite of its ornamental decoration, the artist's and the audience's affection is evident. This attachment is the same aesthetic sense of the institutional in totemic symbolic objects. Notable in these trilogies are their gender, which some see as central to feminine and masculine motifs despite the disagreement of others. Research aims: 1. Achievement of the developmental stages of form and content of the trilogy with focus on the variable tree element in the application of motifs in Iranian art. 2. Investigation on the form and content of the transformation of the triple archetype with emphasis on the motif of the tree in Persian carpets. Research questions: 1. What is the reason for applying the triple archetype from the past to present in the daily life of the people? 2. What developments have occurred in term of form and content on the tree motif

Effective stress analysis of residual wave-induced liquefaction around caisson-foundations:Bearing capacity degradation and an AI-based framework for predicting settlement

Excessive wave-induced pore pressure buildup around offshore foundations results in liquefaction, settlement and bearing capacity degradation, which may threaten the safety of Offshore Wind Turbines (OWTs). Despite the extensive research efforts on wave-induced seabed residual response in the recent years, there is still a lack of knowledge on mechanisms of wave-induced liquefaction and settlement around caisson foundations. Employing a code-based framework implemented in OpenSees, the cyclic response of wave-seabed-foundation (WSF) system is evaluated. Biot’s consolidation theory, linear wave theory and CycLiqCPSP constitutive soil model are integrated to evaluate the response of soil-foundation system accounting for the hydrodynamic pressure of wave imposed on the seabed surface considering the fully-coupled wave-seabed-foundation interaction (WSFI). Soil model parameters are calibrated against cyclic simple shear (CSS) tests and the numerical model is validated by a well-documented centrifuge experimental model. Various seabed characteristics, and a range of the geometrical properties of foundation with different OWT weights are put into practice for evaluating the geotechnical aspects of wave-induced liquefaction. Stress paths are provided to demonstrate quite different level of reduction in effective stresses and likelihood of liquefaction occurrence upon cyclic shear stresses application for different locations in the vicinity of the foundation area. The present study will also improve understanding of the interplay among the state variables on the wave-induced foundation settlement and bearing capacity degradation allow to feed the output data into development of simplified procedure for assessing the bearing capacity. Finally, results from over 250 analyses with different model configurations are used to provide an estimate of wave-induced caisson settlement with reasonable accuracy on the basis of artificial intelligence (AI) method known as Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH)

The effects of a special training program on cytochrome p450 gene expression and reactive oxygen species levels in patients with coronary artery bypass surgery

Background: Significant economic consequences can lead to various problems and complications, including medical complications. Coronary artery disease (CAD), a serious health threat with increasing prevalence, is a major cause of death and mortality worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a special training program on cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in patients with coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods: This semi-experimental study was conducted on 16 patients who underwent coronary artery surgery in Babol City, Iran. The patients were selected using a random sampling method and divided into 2 groups: experimental and control groups. The experimental group engaged in an exercise program consisting of 3 sessions per week for a duration of 8 weeks. The expression levels of CYP and ROS genes were measured by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The analysis was performed by comparing covariances and means. Results: ROS gene expression levels significantly decreased in the experimental group than in the control group (P=0.003). However, there was no significant difference in P450 levels between the experimental and control groups (P=0.99). Conclusion: Special exercises reduced ROS expression and increased P450 expression in patients who had coronary bypass surgery. There is a probability that special exercises, can effectively prevent heart damage by increasing antioxidant capacity and reducing ROS

Effects of endurance training and six weeks of ginseng supplementation on serum vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor in unathletes female students

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of six weeks of endurance training and ginseng supplement consumption on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor levels in unathletes female student. Materials and Methods: In this study, 32 unathlete female students of Gorgan University (Iran) with the mean age of 20 &plusmn;2 years were randomly divided into endurance, endurance and ginseng, ginseng and control groups. Endurance training consisted of six weeks training with three sessions per week and each session was 70 minutes. The program of intermittent running was with intensity of 60-80% maximum heart rate. Ginseng extract was orally consumed (5 mg/kg/day for six weeks). Results: No significant effects of six weeks of endurance training together with ginseng supplement were found on the levels of VEGF (P<0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the levels of PDGF before and after of training in endurance training (P=0.015), endurance training- ginseng (P=0.004) and ginseng (P=0.016) groups. Also, there was a significant differences in the levels of PDGF between study groups (P=0.000). The levels of PDGF in the endurance training&nbsp; group was significantly different with endurance training-Ginseng (P=0.000), and ginseng (P=0.002), but no difference was observed in the levels of PDGF between control and endurance training (P=0.271). Conclusion: It seems that endurance training may improve the process of angiogenesis. Furthermore, ginseng supplement may influence the levels angiogenic factor

Effect of Endurance Training and Stem Cell Injection on PDGF and PDGFr Gene Expression in Knee Tissue of Rats with Knee Osteoarthritis

Background & Objective: Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal disorder characterized by loss of articular cartilage, bone changes and synovial membrane inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of endurance training and stem cell infusion on PDGF and PDGFr gene expression in knee tissue of rats with knee osteoarthritis. Materials & Methods: To select the statistical sample, 37 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of seven: control (healthy), control (patient), stem cell, training and stem cell-training. The training program consisted of 25 to 29 minutes of running on the treadmill at 15 m / min for the first week, and every week 1 m/min was added until it reached 22 m / min in the eighth week. 48 hours after exercise training, samples were taken from the knee tissue. PDGF and PDGFr gene expression was measured by Real-Time PCR. One way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to determine the difference between groups. Results: The results of this study showed that PDGF and PDGFr gene expression levels increased in the patient group compared to the healthy group (P=0.00, P=0.00). Also, PDGF gene expression levels significantly decreased in the training, stem cell and training-stem cell groups compared to the patient group (P=0.05,P=0.025); However, PDGFr gene expression levels were significantly decreased only in the stem cell and training-stem cell group compared to the patient group (P=0.043, P=0.039). Conclusion: Growth factors such as PDGf exert their anabolic and anti-inflammatory effects to maintain chondrogenic potential by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway