19 research outputs found

    Medium-size-vessel vasculitis

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    Medium-size-artery vasculitides do occur in childhood and manifest, in the main, as polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), cutaneous PAN and Kawasaki disease. Of these, PAN is the most serious, with high morbidity and not inconsequential mortality rates. New classification criteria for PAN have been validated that will have value in epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Renal involvement is common and recent therapeutic advances may result in improved treatment options. Cutaneous PAN is a milder disease characterised by periodic exacerbations and often associated with streptococcal infection. There is controversy as to whether this is a separate entity or part of the systemic PAN spectrum. Kawasaki disease is an acute self-limiting systemic vasculitis, the second commonest vasculitis in childhood and the commonest cause of childhood-acquired heart disease. Renal manifestations occur and include tubulointerstitial nephritis and renal failure. An infectious trigger and a genetic predisposition seem likely. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IV-Ig) and aspirin are effective therapeutically, but in resistant cases, either steroid or infliximab have a role. Greater understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in these three types of vasculitis and better long-term follow-up data will lead to improved therapy and prediction of prognosis

    Populationsbewegungen und Tuberkulose: Querschnittsstudie ĂŒber eine vernachlĂ€ssigte Erkrankung in Saudi-Arabien

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    Background: International travel, migration and human population movements facilitate the spread of tuberculosis (TB).Objective: To study the impact of poorly screened expatriates working in Saudi Arabia on the local incidence of TBs.Patients and methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Chest Disease Hospital, Taif. All confirmed cases of TB from June 2009 to May 2010 admitted to the hospital were enrolled. Inclusion criteria were diagnosed cases of TB (pulmonary & extra-pulmonary) in patients between the ages of 14 to 65 years. Patients with HIV and coexistent malignancies were excluded. The age, gender and ethnic group of each patient was recorded, and patients were divided into two groups. Of the two groups, Group A consisted of Taif residents and group B of patients referred from other cities in the country.Results: Of the 686 cases studied, 370 (54%) were Saudi nationals (Group A = 80 & Group B = 290) and 316 (46%) cases were from other countries. Males outnumbered females and most of the patients were aged 20 to 29 years. The number of cases from the areas close to the pilgrimage sites, i.e. Makah (233) and Jeddah (275), outnumbered those in Taif (110).Conclusions: Our study identifies an increased prevalence of TB cases in areas close to the pilgrimage (Group B). The higher proportion of non-Saudi TB patients in group B is most likely explained by the higher number of poorly screened illegal expatriates in the region.Hintergrund: Internationale Reisen, Migration und Bevölkerungsbewegungen erleichtern die Ausbreitung der Tuberkulose (TBC).Ziel: Untersuchung des Einflusses von wenig untersuchten auslĂ€ndischen Arbeitern auf die lokale Inzidenz der TBC in Saudi-Arabien.Patienten und Methoden: Diese Querschnittsstudie wurde im Chest Disease Hospital, Taif, Saudi-Arabien durchgefĂŒhrt. Einbezogen wurden alle bestĂ€tigten FĂ€lle von TBC, die im Zeitraum von Juni 2009 bis Mai 2010 in die Klinik eingewiesen wurden. Einschlusskriterien waren diagnostizierte FĂ€lle von TBC (Lungen- und allgemeiner TBC) bei Patienten im Alter zwischen 14 und 65 Jahren. HIV-Patienten und Patienten mit koexistenten Krebserkrankungen wurden ausgeschlossen. Alter, Geschlecht und die ethnische Zugehörigkeit jedes Patienten wurden erfasst. Die Patienten wurden in zwei Gruppen aufgeteilt: Gruppe A bestand aus Einwohnern von Taif und Gruppe B aus Patienten, die aus anderen Regionen des Landes ĂŒberwiesen wurden.Ergebnisse: Von den 686 untersuchten FĂ€llen waren 370 (54%) saudische Staatsangehörige (Gruppe A = 80, Gruppe B = 290) und 316 (46%) der Patienten stammten aus anderen LĂ€ndern. Die Zahl der MĂ€nner ĂŒbertraf die der Frauen und die meisten Patienten waren 20-29 Jahre alt. Die Zahl der FĂ€lle aus den Gebieten in der NĂ€he der PilgerstĂ€tten, d.h. Makah (233) und Dschidda (275), ĂŒbertraf die in Taif (110).Schlussfolgerung: Diese Studie zeigt eine erhöhte PrĂ€valenz der TBC-FĂ€lle in Gebieten in der NĂ€he der PilgerstĂ€tten (Gruppe B). Der höhere Anteil von TBC-Patienten nicht-saudischer NationalitĂ€t in Gruppe B ist am ehesten durch die grĂ¶ĂŸere Zahl von schlecht untersuchten illegalen Einwanderern in der Region zu erklĂ€ren
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