Isolation and identification of antimicrobial compound from Mentha longifolia L. leaves grown wild in Iraq

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Mentha longifolia </it>L. (Lamiaceae) leaves have been traditionally implemented in the treatment of minor sore throat and minor mouth or throat irritation by the indigenous people of Iraq, although the compounds responsible for the medicinal properties have not been identified. In the present study, an antimicrobial compound was isolated and characterized, and its biological activity was assessed.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The compound was isolated and characterized from the extracted essential oil using different spectral techniques: TLC, FTIR spectra and HPLC. Antimicrobial activity of the compound was assessed using both disc diffusion and microdilution method in 96 multi-well microtiter plates.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A known compound was isolated from the essential oil of the plant and was identified as (-) menthol. The isolated compound was investigated for its antimicrobial activity against seven selected pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms: <it>Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenis</it><it>, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa </it>and the yeast <it>Candida albicans</it>. Menthol at different concentrations (1:1, 1:5, 1:10, 1:20) was active against all tested bacteria except for <it>P. aeruginosa</it>, and the highest inhibitory effect was observed against <it>S. mutans </it>(zone of inhibition: 25.3 mm) using the disc diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentration MIC values ranged from 15.6–125.0 μg/ml, and the most promising results were observed against <it>S. aureus </it>and <it>S. mutans </it>(MIC 15.6 μg/ml) while, <it>S. faecalis, S. pyogenis </it>and <it>L. acidophilus </it>ranked next (MIC 31.2 μg/ml). Furthermore, menthol achieved considerable antifungal activity against the yeast <it>C. albicans </it>(zone of inhibition range: 7.1–18.5 mm; MIC: 125.0).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The isolation of an antimicrobial compound from <it>M. longifolia </it>leaves validates the use of this plant in the treatment of minor sore throat and minor mouth or throat irritation.</p

Antibiotic resistance pattern of HA-MRSA strains isolated from leukemia patients in Baghdad, Iraq

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Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyimide by Curing Poly Acryloyl Chloride with Different Amides

The present work involved preparation of new substituted and unsubstituted and poly imides (1-17) using reaction of acryloyl chloride with different amides (aliphatic ,aromatic) in the presence of a suitable solvent and amount tri ethyl amine (Et3N) with heating – the structure confirmation of all polymers were proved using FT-IR,1H-NMR,C13NMR and UV spectroscopy ,thermal analysis (TG) for some polymers confirmed their thermal stabilities . Other physical properties including softening and melting points, PH and solubility of the polymers were also measure

Synthesis and Characterization of New heterocyclic Polyacrylamides from Derivatives 2-Aminobenzothiazole

The present work involved preparation of new hetro cyclic polyacrylamides (1-9) using reaction of polyacryloyl chloride with 2-aminobenzothiazole which prepeard by thiocyanogen method in the presence of a suitable solvent and amount tri ethyl amine (Et3N) with heating. The structure confirmation of polymers were proved using FT-IR,1H-NMR,C13NMR and UV spectroscopy.Other physical properties including softening and melting points, and solubility of the polymers were also measured

Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella spp. Isolated from Local Food Markets: Molecular Factors

Antibiotic-resistant Salmonella spp. linked with food remains a primary concern globally as it is associated between animals and humans, causing foodborne illness and zoonotic diseases. One hundred Salmonella isolates out of 241 swab specimens taken from slaughtered chicken were identified and investigated for their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Ampicillin (62%), tetracycline (59%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (46%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (35%), and ceftriaxone (24%) were the drugs with the highest prevalence of impedance. At 12%, 11%, and 8%, respectively, resistance to ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and azithromycin was very negligible. In order to assess the frequency of resistance genes, six different kinds of genes were examined in this research. The findings revealed that the proportion of these genes included in the survey were tetA (10%), blaCMY-2 (32%), dfrA7 (17%), tetC (20%), sul2 (25%) , and blaTEM-1 (47%)

Copolymerazaion of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidon with Acrylic Acid and Methylmethacrylate

Low conversion copolymerization of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidon M.W = (111.14) VP (monomer-1) has been conducted with acrylic acid AA and methymethacrylate MMA in ethanol at 70ºC , using Benzoyl peroxide BPO as initiator . The copolymer composition has been determined by elemental analysis. The monomer reactivity ratios have been calculated by the Kelen-Tudos and Finman-Ross graphical procedures . The derived reactivity ratios (r1 , r2 ) are : (0.51 , 4.85) for (VP / AA ) systems and (0.34 , 7.58) for (VP , MMA) systems , and found the reactivity ratios of the monomer AA , MMA is mor than the monomer VP in the copolymerization of (VP / AA) and (VP /MMA) systems respectly . The reactivity ratios values were used for microstructures calculation

Finite Element Analysis in Porous Media for Incompressible Flow of Contamination from Nuclear Waste

A non-linear parabolic system is used to describe incompressible nuclear waste disposal contamination in porous media, in which both molecular diffusion and dispersion are considered. The Galerkin method is applied for the pressure equation. For the brine, radionuclide and heat, a kind of partial upwind finite element scheme is constructed. Examples are included to demonstrate certain aspects of the theory and illustrate the capabilities of the kind of partial upwind finite element approach

Blind subspace DOA estimation in multipath DS/CDMA channels

In this paper, we consider the problem of blind estimation of the directions of arrival (DOA's) of users' paths in a multipath DS/CDMA channel. Making use of the signal that is sampled at multiple antenna elements and using a subspace based MUSIC-like technique, we show the possibility of DOA estimation using two search methods. The first provides path delays and DOAs simultaneously, and the second provides only DOAs. Knowledge of the chip waveform is used in the first method. It is seen that the two methods exhibit good estimation accuracy, besides being extremely near-far resistant

Calculating the density of electronic charge for hydrogen atom and ions like atom

The radial wave function R(r) and the radial distribution function P(r) as a function of (r), for the Hydrogen atom was calculated for several atomic state (1s,2s,2p,3s,3p,3d) The results were compared with Hydrogen like atom(He+,Li+2,Be+3)