Charging Induced Emission of Neutral Atoms from NaCl Nanocube Corners

Detachment of neutral cations/anions from solid alkali halides can in principle be provoked by donating/subtracting electrons to the surface of alkali halide crystals, but generally constitutes a very endothermic process. However, the amount of energy required for emission is smaller for atoms located in less favorable positions, such as surface steps and kinks. For a corner ion in an alkali halide cube the binding is the weakest, so it should be easier to remove that atom, once it is neutralized. We carried out first principles density functional calculations and simulations of neutral and charged NaCl nanocubes, to establish the energetics of extraction of neutralized corner ions. Following hole donation (electron removal) we find that detachment of neutral Cl corner atoms will require a limited energy of about 0.8 eV. Conversely, following the donation of an excess electron to the cube, a neutral Na atom is extractable from the corner at the lower cost of about 0.6 eV. Since the cube electron affinity level (close to that a NaCl(100) surface state, which we also determine) is estimated to lie about 1.8 eV below vacuum, the overall energy balance upon donation to the nanocube of a zero energy electron from vacuum will be exothermic. The atomic and electronic structure of the NaCl(100) surface, and of the nanocube Na and Cl corner vacancies are obtained and analyzed as a byproduct.Comment: 16 pages, 2 table, 7 figure

Peculiarities of the foreign manufactures cars recycling in Russia

The main elements of the vehicle recycling system in Russia are considered on the example of passenger cars. The main problems of decommissioned vehicles recycling in the context of a cyclical economy development are described. The article presents a critique of the current state recycling policy. The strategy for the development of recycling projects that can be implemented both by the state and by private companies entrusted by the state is suggests. The article presents a structural analysis of imported cars, foreign brands of Russian production and domestic cars from the total sales for 2017 and 2018. Data on sales volumes of the best-selling car models in Russia are presented. The main advantages of the production of foreign cars in Russia in terms of the impact on the emerging Russian recycling system for decommissioned vehicles are identified. Recommendations on implementation of projects related to recycling and calculation of recycling fees are offered. The study developed two ways to use recycled material from car recycling, which can recoup some of the costs of recycling, increase the percentage of import substitution of components for the automotive industry and create a closed-cycle economy. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Gadolinium-based hybrid ultra-low-background material for protecting the darkside20k dark matter detector from background neutrons

A laboratory technique was developed for obtaining an ultra-low-background hybrid material based on organic glass - polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). 157Gd nuclei are used as an efficient absorber of thermal neutrons in the hybrid material. A uniform distribution of gadolinium in the PMMAmatrix is achieved by introducing he gadolinium in the form of a coordination compound -gadolinium acetylacetonate- into the hybrid materia

Influence of CSP 310 and CSP 310-like proteins from cereals on mitochondrial energetic activity and lipid peroxidation in vitro and in vivo

BACKGROUND: The development of chilling and freezing injury symptoms in plants is known to frequently coincide with peroxidation of free fatty acids. Mitochondria are one of the major sources of reactive oxygen species during cold stress. Recently it has been suggested that uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation in mitochondria during oxidative stress can decrease ROS formation by mitochondrial respiratory chain generation. At the same time, it is known that plant uncoupling mitochondrial protein (PUMP) and other UCP-like proteins are not the only uncoupling system in plant mitochondria. All plants have cyanide-resistant oxidase (AOX) whose activation causes an uncoupling of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. Recently it has been found that in cereals, cold stress protein CSP 310 exists, and that this causes uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation in mitochondria. RESULTS: We studied the effects of CSP 310-like native cytoplasmic proteins from a number of cereal species (winter rye, winter wheat, Elymus and maize) on the energetic activity of winter wheat mitochondria. This showed that only CSP 310 (cold shock protein with molecular weight 310 kD) caused a significant increase of non-phosphorylative respiration. CSP 310-like proteins of other cereals studied did not have any significant influence on mitochondrial energetic activity. It was found that among CSP 310-like proteins only CSP 310 had prooxidant activity. At the same time, Elymus CSP 310-like proteins have antioxidant activity. The study of an influence of infiltration by different plant uncoupling system activators (pyruvate, which activates AOX, and linoleic acid which is a substrate and activator for PUMP and CSP 310) showed that all of these decreased lipid peroxidation during cold stress. CONCLUSIONS: Different influence of CSP 310-like proteins on mitochondrial energetic activity and lipid peroxidation presumably depend on the various subunit combinations in their composition. All the plant cell systems that caused an uncoupling of oxidation and phosphorylation in plant mitochondria can participate in plant defence from oxidative damage during cold stress

Influence of post-post processing technology and laser radiation parameters on the optical breakdown threshold of a ZnGeP2 single crystal

The aim of this work is to determine the influence of the parameters of post-growth technological operations and experimental conditions on the threshold of optical breakdown of the surface of ZGP crystals under the action of laser radiation at a wavelength of 2091 nm

Bioregulation of amplitude-phase biological activity of Candida albicans by women reproductive tract microsymbionts

In this study, we propose a chronobiological method for examining inter-microbial interactions in bacterial and fungal associations in female reproductive tract. Fungal and bacterial species were isolated in 45 women of reproductive aged 19–35, with regular menstrual cycle, applying no hormonal contraceptives, without previous gynecological surgery, abortions, miscarriages with vaginal eubiosis and dysbiosis in history. Sexually transmitted diseases (HIV infection, syphilis, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, chlamydiosis) were excluded in all subjects. Proliferation rate, morphogenesis and phospholipase activity were examined within the 48-hour period every 4 hours, in winter time, Moon phase IV. The data obtained were assessed by using Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon test, and least squares method. All subjects were divided into the groups: group 1 — women with vaginal eubiosis, group 2 — women with vaginal dysbiosis. It was shown that in all subjects experimental parameters of C. albicans cultures showed a diurnal dynamics characterized in healthy women by circadian rhythms with a single peak of activity. However, in women with vaginal dysbiosis C. albicans was characterized by significant ultradian (around 12 hours long) rhythms with two peaks of biological activity. Concurrence and consistency in manifested physiological functions related to clinical isolates was coupled to temporal pattern of distributed biological resources in fungi depending on course of infectious process. It was found that in vaginal eubiosis exometabolites released by dominant associated microbiota did not significantly change microbiota-related amplitude-phase parameters. The data obtained evidenced that temporal pattern of parameters related to C. albicans from healthy individuals was stable and independent on bacterial metabolites. In contrast, dominant microsymbiont in vaginal dysbiosis inhibited fungi-related rhythms, which might be important in establishing lactobacillus-associated biotope colonization resistance. Effects of metabolites released by the associated microbiota typical to dysbiosis was revealed by increased mesor, amplitude, preserved biorhythm spectral pattern in examined properties as well as amplitude-phase characteristics indicating at enhanced or sustained C. albicans adaptive potential. Therefore, the amplitude-phase parameter of C. albicans physiological activity served as a marker of opposite (enhanced/weakened) effect of microsymbiont survival described in “microbial dominant-associate” pairs

Assessment of state services quality and availability in the socio-cultural sphere

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved.The relevance of the presented research is caused by distribution of independent tools to assess public administration of the socio-cultural sphere by public nongovernmental organizations and scientific institutes. The objective of the paper is to develop a technique to assess quality and availability of state services in the socio-cultural sphere as components of public administration. An institutional approach has become a leading one; it allows to consider state services quality and availability assessment in the socio-cultural sphere as a complex indicator of the content quality of a resulting effect and quality of services obtained; it is also connected with the comfort of service rendering and their availability for consumers. The elaborated technique of state services quality and availability assessment in the socio-cultural sphere includes the following criteria: The level of state services quality; the level of state services availability; the level of trust that consumers have in service providers. The technique is directed to identify effective measures to provide consumers with available and high-quality state services in the socio-cultural sphere rendered by state bodies and their departments according to the results of a calendar year

Mathematical model for investigation of alkylbenzenes sulfonation

The relevance. Lack of experimental data that allow developing a scientifically based method for calculating and designing film-type reactors, which are also used to produce alkylbenzenesulfonic acids. These acids, in their turn, are currently the main components of synthetic detergents. The issue of increasing reactor equipment efficiency can be most effectively solved using mathematical models built on a physical and chemical basis. The aim. Development of a mathematical model of alkylbenzenes sulfonation, taking into account a substance mass transfer from a gas phase to a liquid phase. Software implementation of the developed model, as well as the use of the developed mathematical model for studying the influence of the process parameters on its efficiency. Object. Alkylbenzenes sulfonation with sulfuric anhydride in a multitube film reactor. Methods. Mathematical modeling is used to perform all computational operations, a modern high-level general-purpose programming language with automatic memory management is used. The quantum-chemical methods for determining thermodynamic parameters of chemical reactions were used. Results. The paper considers the principles of constructing a mathematical model of sulfonation. The authors have developed the calculation program in the Python programming language and assessed the accuracy of description of a real process and the influence of the system technological parameters on a product yield and quality, taking into account a substance interfacial transfer. The system of practical recommendations for improving the alkylbenzenes sulfonation resource efficiency was developed. The mathematical model adequately describes the process. The calculated data are compared with the real data from the operating unit for alkylbenzenes sulfonation with sulfuric anhydride

СУБЪЕКТИВНЫЕ ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ И УРОВНЯ РАДИОТРЕВОЖНОСТИ МОЛОДЫХ ЛЮДЕЙ, ПРОЖИВАЮЩИХ НА РАДИОАКТИВНО ЗАГРЯЗНЕННЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ

Young people that were born and are living now on the radioactively contaminated territories assess the danger of radiation for the health at the same level as dangers of mostly harmful environmental factors. Besides, the clear downward trend of the level of mental and, especially, physical health was revealed among male young people living on the territories with the highest levels of radioactive contamination. Apart from that, deviations of integral indexes of the life quality for all polled groups living on radioactively contaminated and non-contaminated territories do not exceed 10% (assessment of the life quality according to the method SF-36) and one point (linear 10-points assessment scale).Молодые люди, родившиеся и проживающие на радиоактивно загрязненных территориях, оценивают опасность радиации для здоровья на уровне оценки наиболее неблагоприятных факторов окружающей среды. Кроме того, на территориях с наиболее высокими уровнями радиоактивных загрязнений у юношей имеется отчетливая тенденция снижения уровня психического и, в особен- ности, физического здоровья. В остальном различия интегральных показателей качества жизни во всех группах опрошенных на радиоактивно загрязненных и не загрязненных территориях не пре- вышают 10% (оценка качества жизни по методике SF-36) и одного балла (линейная 10-балльная шкала оценок)