Air Transport and Logistics in Pandemic Outbreak of Influenza A (H1N1) virus

In April 2009, the WHO, (World Health Organization) evaluated the available data on the swine influenza A (H1N1), confirmed the outbreak and declared decision on raising the pandemic phase from five to six. IATA, (International Air Transport Association) invited the airlines to support WHO’s reference laboratories around the world in handling specimens should the outbreak expand further. The specimens shall be transported according to the regulations stipulated for acceptance and transportation of dangerous goods by air. The paper analyses the current infrastructural situation at the airports in Croatia, predispositions related to the trained staff and coordination procedures with the relevant institutions. The implementation of activities complying with the international regulations are suggested in order to conduct measures fighting the pandemic in Croatia. KEY WORDS: pandemic outbreak, regulation, recommendation, specimen, responsibilities, transportation and logistic for biological substance

Evaluation of Air Transportation Under Controlled Room Temperature for Pharmaceuticals

Pharmaceutical industry like aviation is one of the most regulated industries today. Shipping pharmaceutical products under defined time and temperature conditions is a challenge deriving from regulatory and product quality aspects. Good distribution practice should be valid throughout the distribution chain but regulatory issues are still short of strength in practice. Transportation should be considered as extended warehousing, still compliances are business rather than regulatory driven. The paper demonstrates deviations between shipping requirements and realistic capabilities of today’s commercial aviation in terms of maintenance of the controlled room temperature. Examples show cases of temperature deviations during transport realization. Suggestions are made on future research in the field of air transportation. KEY WORDS: good distribution practice, regulatory issues, controlled roo

Research of the Influence of Air Transportation on Blood Sample Quality

In air freight industry, blood samples are classified as time and temperature sensitive biologically produced pharmaceuticals. To determine the level of influence that the handling processes and air transportation have on blood sample quality, a research has been conducted through transportation of whole blood samples on two European scheduled routes. Two shipping models were defined: the standard one without defined transportation temperature regime and the controlled one, where transportation is conducted under appropriate temperature regime. The blood samples were packed and transported respecting all relevant national and international regulations. The analysis was conducted and the results compared to control sample kept in the laboratory. Significant changes were identified on all components analyzed after crosschecking with the control sample. KEY WORDS: regulatory issues, blood sample quality, shipping model, packaging instruction, temperature profile

Utjecaj zračnog prijevoza na kvalitetu uzoraka krvi

The aim of this study was to establish the impact of air transport on blood samples packaged with and without cooling elements and effect of outdoor temperature on sample quality. Venous samples from 38 blood donors in winter and 36 in summer were tested for hemolysis and complete blood count. One tube per subject was kept in controlled conditions at +4 °C. Two sets of tubes were sent by plane from Zagreb to Brussels, one with and one without cooling elements, and another two sets were sent to London following the same principle. Packages with cooling elements were stored in controlled warehousing conditions at airports (+2 °C to +8 °C), whereas packages without cooling elements were stored in ambient warehouse conditions. Data loggers were used for temperature monitoring. Our research revealed statistically significant differences in several hematologic parameters when comparing the samples stored in controlled laboratory conditions and those transported by plane. These differences were more pronounced in the samples transported during the summer. Transport conditions without cooling elements had additional negative impact on the sample quality. Transport of samples using cooling elements and controlled warehousing conditions at airports are sometimes not sufficient to maintain laboratory storage conditions.Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj zračnog prijevoza na uzorke krvi pakirane s rashladnim elemenatima i bez njih, kao i utjecaj vanjske temperature na kvalitetu uzorka. U venskim uzorcima 38 darivatelja krvi tijekom zime i njih 36 tijekom ljeta određeni su stupanj hemolize i kompletna krvna slika. Jedan uzorak po ispitaniku ostavljen je u kontroliranim uvjetima na +4 °C. Dva seta uzoraka poslana su zrakoplovom iz Zagreba u Bruxelles, jedan s rashladnim elemenatima i jedan bez njih, a druga dva seta poslana su u London po istom načelu. Pakovanja s rashladnim elementima čuvana su u kontroliranim skladišnim uvjetima u zračnim lukama (+2 °C do +8 °C), dok su pakovanja bez rashladnih elemenata čuvana u ambijentnim skladišnim uvjetima. Uređaji za kontinuirano mjerenje temperature korišteni su za nadzor temperature tijekom transporta. Naše istraživanje otkrilo je statistički značajne razlike u nekoliko hematoloških parametara kada se uspoređuju uzorci pohranjeni u kontroliranim laboratorijskim uvjetima i oni koji se transportiraju zračnim prijevozom. Te su razlike bile izraženije u uzorcima transportiranim tijekom ljeta. Uvjeti transporta bez rashladnih elemenata imali su dodatni negativni utjecaj na kvalitetu uzoraka. Transport uzoraka pomoću rashladnih elemenata i kontrolirani uvjeti skladištenja u zračnim lukama ponekad nisu dovoljni za održavanje laboratorijskih uvjeta skladištenja

Brašno - Kruh : Zbornik radova

Proceedings contains 5 Reviews, 11 Original research articles and 2 Professional articles presented at 9th International Congress Flour – Bread ’17 and 11th Croatian Congress of Cereal Technologists Brašno – Kruh ’17

Profit Centres and Internal Controls as Drivers of Business Efficiency

Understanding the current and future needs of the market, and knowing how to fulfil them, is the task of any successful economy. Companies wanting to be in step with the development of modern economy are trying to reorient their business regarding its organization, technology and information processes in order to increase their business efficiency. Thus, an adequately established and organized system of internal control, as well as a properly designed and highly efficient organizational structure also represents one of the challenges of a modern enterprise. Therefore, the combination of the internal control system and profit centres is the system which reduces the probability of errors and possible fraud to a minimum and is a prerequisite of efficient business

AGRICULTURE IN NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION: proceedings & abstracts 11th international scientifi c/professional conference

PROGRAM: PLENARY SECTION, Plant production, Animal production, Agroecology, Agroeconomics, Agricultural technics and technolog

AGRICULTURE IN NATURE AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION: proceedings & abstracts 10th international scientifi c/professional conference

PROGRAM: PLENARY SECTION, Livestock, Plant production, Agricultural technology, Agroeconomics and informatics