Prevalence of Periodontal Bone Loss in Brazilian Adolescents through Interproximal Radiography

Purpose. The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of alveolar bone loss in Brazilian adolescents through the interproximal X-rays analysis. Methods. Bilateral and standardized interproximal (bitewing) X-rays were performed in 15-year-old adolescents (), and the processing of films and measurements of alveolar bone levels were accomplished by a single examiner. A distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and the alveolar bone crest more than 2 mm was considered as periodontal bone loss. Results. The results showed percentage of bone loss of 10.4% with predominance of horizontal defects (8.9%) over the vertical types (1.5%). It was verified higher individual distribution of one lesion (67.6%) than two (26.5%) or three lesions (5.6%), and higher occurrence was detected in men (14.95) than in women (8.21). Conclusion. It can be concluded that the interproximal radiography was an efficient method for the detection of alveolar bone loss, revealing low prevalence in adolescents and predominance of horizontal bone defects

Histopathological Features of Dental Pulp in Teeth with Different Levels of Chronic Periodontitis Severity

Purpose. To evaluate the histopathological condition of the pulp in teeth with different levels of chronic periodontitis in humans. Methods. Twenty-five single-root nondecayed teeth were divided into three groups as follows: group 1, clinical attachment level (CAL) 3 to 4 mm and alveolar bone loss (BL) from 4 to 6 mm without reaching the tooth apex; group 2, CAL ≥ 5 mm and BL > 6 mm without reaching the tooth apex; group 3, CAL ≥ 5 mm and BL > 6 mm up to the tooth apex. Histological analyses were accomplished after laboratorial processing. Results. The mean of CAL was 3.2 ± 0.7 mm in group 1, 7.6 ± 2.0 mm in group 2, and 12.1 ± 2.8 mm in group 3, while for BL it was 4.8 ± 0.9 mm, 7.6 ± 2.2 mm, and 11.9 ± 2.1 mm, respectively. Histopathological data in the pulpal chambers were similar among the three groups showing normal aspects, and, the radicular pulps showed variable levels of reactive dentin, fibrosis, dystrophic mineralizations, atrophy, and mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate. Conclusions. Gradual progression of the chronic periodontitis led to changes in the histopathological aspects of the radicular pulp with progressive involvement

Bone-Implant Contact around Crestal and Subcrestal Dental Implants Submitted to Immediate and Conventional Loading

The present study aims to evaluate the influence of apicocoronal position and immediate and conventional loading in the percentage of bone-implant contact (BIC). Thus, 36 implants were inserted in the edentulous mandible from six dogs. Three implants were installed in each hemimandible, in different positions in relation to the ridge: Bone Level (at crestal bone level), Minus 1 (one millimeter apical to crestal bone), and Minus 2 (two millimeters apical to crestal bone). In addition, each hemimandible was submitted to a loading protocol: immediate (prosthesis installed 24 hours after implantation) or conventional (prosthesis installed 120 days after implantation). Ninety days after, animals were killed, and implant and adjacent tissues were prepared for histometric analysis. BIC values from immediate loaded implants were 58.7%, 57.7%, and 51.1%, respectively, while conventional loaded implants were 61.8%, 53.8%, and 68.4%. Differences statistically significant were not observed among groups (P=0.10, ANOVA test). These findings suggest that different apicocoronal positioning and loading protocols evaluated did not interfere in the percentage of bone-implant contact, suggesting that these procedures did not jeopardize osseointegration

Ocorrência de diferentes tipos de canais acessórios cavo inter-radiculares em molares de humanos. Estudo histológico

Apesar de haver muitos estudos que mostrem a prevalência e o diâmetro dos canais acessórios na região de furca, há escassez de trabalhos que observem o trajeto e os diferentes tipos de canais cavo inter-radiculares. Assim, o objetivo de nosso estudo foi verificar a ocorrência dos diferentes tipos morfológicos de canais acessórios na região de furca, na tentativa de mostrar os seus trajetos, através de cortes histológicos em molares de humanos. Foram utilizados 40 terceiros molares inferiores inclusos com separação radicular, os quais foram extraídos e descalcificados para a realização de microtomia no plano axial mésio-distal, obtendo-se cortes semi-seriados com espessura de 5mm. Os cortes foram corados com Hematoxilina e Eosina e observados em microscopia ótica em 40X, 100X, 200X e 400X. Os resultados mostraram que todos os tipos morfológicos foram encontrados, sendo que os canais acessórios verdadeiros, do tipo A estavam presentes em 10% dos espécimes. Os canais mais prevalentes foram os microcanais do tipo E, com prevalência de 100%, seguidos pelos fechados do tipo D com 87,5%, e pelos cegos do tipo B, com 75%. Os canais acessórios em alça, do tipo C, foram observados em apenas 5% dos dentes, sendo os menos prevalentes.Although there are several studies that show prevalence and diameter of accessory root canals in the furcation area, there is a scarceness of studies which observe the trajectory and different types of cavo inter-radicular canals. The objective of the present study was to verify the occurrence of different morphologic types of accessory root canals in the furcation area, in an attempt to show their trajectories, through histological sections in human molar teeth. Forty unerupted mandibular third molar teeth with radicular separation were used. They were extracted and decalcified so that microtomy could be performed towards mesio-distal axial plane, obtaining semi-serial sections with thickness of 5mm. The sections were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, and were observed under optical microscopy at 40X, 100X, 200X and 400X magnifications. The results showed that all morphologic types were found; the real accessory canals, type A, were present in 10% of the specimens. The most prevalent canals were type-E microcanals, with prevalence of 100%, followed by sealed type-D canals, with 87.5%, and by blind type-B canals, with 75%. The loop type-C accessory canals were observed in only 5% of the teeth and were the least prevalent.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Prevalence and Reasons for Tooth Loss in a Sample from a Dental Clinic in Brazil

Purpose. To evaluate the prevalence and reasons for teeth extractions in a sample from a dental clinic in Brazil. Methods. The prevalence of teeth mortality was analyzed by gender, age, tooth type and reasons for extraction on 800 teeth of 439 subjects, whose data was collected in clinical records in a convenience sample. Results. The groups with range from 35 to 44 years, 45 to 54 years and 55 to 64 years revealed significantly greater number of teeth extractions than other age groups (P<0.0001). The anterior teeth loss increased significantly with aging, while the tooth mortality of premolar and molar were higher in younger people. The caries was the more prevalent reason for tooth mortality among young and adults up to 44 years old, while the periodontal disease was the main reason for extractions from 45 years old until range of 81 years (P<0.0001). Conclusions. It can be suggested that some reasons for tooth loss were age-dependent, but the caries and the periodontal diseases were the main reasons for tooth mortality in this Brazilian sample

Biometric analysis of the maxillary permanent molar teeth and its relation to furcation involvement.

A high rate of root exposure and consequently the exposure of the furcation area is usually observed in multirooted teeth. In maxillary molar teeth, this fact may endanger the three existent furcations (buccal, mesial and distal), causing serious problems. In this research, distance measures from the buccal furcation to the mesial (F1M) and distal (F1D) surfaces of the mesio-buccal and disto-buccal roots; from the mesial furcation to the buccal (F2B) and palatal (F2P) surfaces of the mesio-buccal and palatal roots and from the distal furcation to the buccal (F3B) and palatal (F3P) surfaces of the disto-buccal and palatal roots, respectively were established. One hundred maxillary first molar teeth were used, 50 of the right and 50 of the left side. Reference marks and demarcations were determined on the furcations and also on the root surfaces involved in the measures. We concluded that these measurements are important because they may effectivelly contribute to diagnosis, prevention and treatment of periodontal problems

Oral conditions and body weight in children from a public school in Manaus, AM, Brazil

Abstract Introduction Some studies have pointed to links between the prevalence of caries and periodontal disease, and the occurrence of overweight or obesity; but, few studies have been conducted in children. Objective To assess the relationship between periodontal disease, tooth decay and body weight in children from a public school in Manaus, AM, Brazil. Material and method The study included one hundred and sixty-nine children. Records were obtained of decayed, missing and filled (DMFT) permanent teeth, and of decayed, extracted, or filled (DEF) deciduous teeth, as well as the record of the community periodontal index (CPI). The classification of body weight category was obtained in percentile using the z-Score table. Result Higher averages of weight and body mass index (BMI) were seen in the overweight and obesity groups (p<0.05). All groups were similar regarding the DMFT /DEF and CPI codes from 0 to 4 (p>0.05). All groups showed higher averages of CPI 0 in comparison with other CPI codes from 1 to 4 (p<0.05), and most of the children showed sites with probing depth <3.5 mm and without bleeding on probing. Conclusion There was no relationship between body weight and the occurrence of dental caries and periodontal disease in the studied population. Obesity and overweight showed no negative influence on the increase in the prevalence of these diseases