Developing diagnostic assessment of breast lumpectomy tissues using radiomic and optical signatures

High positive margin rates in oncologic breast-conserving surgery are a pressing clinical problem. Volumetric X-ray scanning is emerging as a powerful ex vivo specimen imaging technique for analyzing resection margins, but X-rays lack contrast between non-malignant and malignant fibrous tissues. In this study, combined micro-CT and wide-field optical image radiomics were developed to classify malignancy of breast cancer tissues, demonstrating that X-ray/optical radiomics improve malignancy classification. Ninety-two standardized features were extracted from co-registered micro-CT and optical spatial frequency domain imaging samples extracted from 54 breast tumors exhibiting seven tissue subtypes confirmed by microscopic histological analysis. Multimodal feature sets improved classification performance versus micro-CT alone when adipose samples were included (AUC = 0.88 vs. 0.90; p-value = 3.65e−11) and excluded, focusing the classification task on exclusively non-malignant fibrous versus malignant tissues (AUC = 0.78 vs. 0.85; p-value = 9.33e−14). Extending the radiomics approach to high-dimensional optical data—termed “optomics” in this study—offers a promising optical image analysis technique for cancer detection. Radiomic feature data and classification source code are publicly available

An ABS control logic based on wheel force measurement

The paper presents an anti-lock braking system (ABS) control logic based on the measurement of the longitudinal forces at the hub bearings. The availability of force information allows to design a logic that does not rely on the estimation of the tyre-road friction coefficient, since it continuously tries to exploit the maximum longitudinal tyre force. The logic is designed by means of computer simulation and then tested on a specific hardware in the loop test bench: the experimental results confirm that measured wheel force can lead to a significant improvement of the ABS performances in terms of stopping distance also in the presence of road with variable friction coefficien

IMproving Preclinical Assessment of Cardioprotective Therapies (IMPACT) criteria : guidelines of the EU-CARDIOPROTECTION COST Action

Full list of the EU-CARDIOPROTECTION COST Action CA16225 Working group members is provided at the end of the article in Acknowledgements section. Funding Information: This article is based on the work from COST Action EU-CARDIOPROTECTION CA16225 supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). DJH is supported by the Duke-National University Singapore Medical School, Singapore Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council under its Clinician Scientist-Senior Investigator scheme (NMRC/CSA-SI/0011/2017) and Collaborative Centre Grant scheme (NMRC/CGAug16C006). SL is supported by grants from the South African Department of Science and Technology and the South African National Research Foundation. SMD is supported by grants from the British Heart Foundation (PG/19/51/34493 and PG/16/85/32471). GH is supported by the German Research Foundation (SFB 1116 B8). MRM is supported by the Spanish Institute of Health Carlos III (FIS PI19/01196 and CIBER-CV). RS is supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) [Project number 268555672—SFB 1213, Project B05]. PF is supported by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary (Research Excellence Program—TKP, National Heart Program NVKP 16-1-2016-0017) and by the Higher Education Institutional Excellence Program of the Ministry of Human Capacities in Hungary, within the framework of the Therapeutic Development thematic program of the Semmelweis University. Funding Information: The IMPACT criteria were presented for approval to the Management Committee of the EU-CARDIOPROTECTION COST Action CA16225: Pavle Adamovski, Ioanna Andreadou, Saime Batirel, Monika Bartekov?, Luc Bertrand, Christophe Beauloye, David Biedermann, Vilmante Borutaite, Hans Erik Botker, Stefan Chlopicki, Maija Dambrova, Sean Davidson, Yvan Devaux, Fabio Di Lisa, Dragan Djuric, David Erlinge, Ines Falcao-Pires, P?ter Ferdinandy, Eleftheria Galatou, Alfonso Garcia-Sosa, Henrique Girao, Zoltan Giricz, Mariann Gyongyosi, Derek J Hausenloy, Donagh Healy, Gerd Heusch, Vladimir Jakovljevic, Jelena Jovanic, George Kararigas, Risto Kerkal, Frantisek Kolar, Brenda Kwak, Przemys?aw Leszek, Edgars Liepinsh , Jacob Lonborg, Sarah Longnus, Jasna Marinovic, Danina Mirela Muntean, Lana Nezic, Michel Ovize, Pasquale Pagliaro, Clarissa Pedrosa Da Costa Gomes, John Pernow, Andreas Persidis, S?ren Erik Pischke, Bruno Podesser, Ines Poto?njak, Fabrice Prunier, Tanya Ravingerova, Marisol Ruiz-Meana, Alina Serban, Katrine Slagsvold, Rainer Schulz, Niels van Royen, Belma Turan, Marko Vendelin, Stewart Walsh, Nace Zidar, Coert Zuurbier, Derek Yellon. Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s).Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the heart failure (HF) which may follow are among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. As such, new therapeutic interventions are still needed to protect the heart against acute ischemia/reperfusion injury to reduce myocardial infarct size and prevent the onset of HF in patients presenting with AMI. However, the clinical translation of cardioprotective interventions that have proven to be beneficial in preclinical animal studies, has been challenging. One likely major reason for this failure to translate cardioprotection into patient benefit is the lack of rigorous and systematic in vivo preclinical assessment of the efficacy of promising cardioprotective interventions prior to their clinical evaluation. To address this, we propose an in vivo set of step-by-step criteria for IMproving Preclinical Assessment of Cardioprotective Therapies (‘IMPACT’), for investigators to consider adopting before embarking on clinical studies, the aim of which is to improve the likelihood of translating novel cardioprotective interventions into the clinical setting for patient benefit.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Partial hexokinase II knockout results in acute ischemia-reperfusion damage in skeletal muscle of male, but not female, mice

Cellular studies have demonstrated a protective role of mitochondrial hexokinase against oxidative insults. It is unknown whether HK protective effects translate to the in vivo condition. In the present study, we hypothesize that HK affects acute ischemia–reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle of the intact animal. Male and female heterozygote knockout HKII (HK(+/-)), heterozygote overexpressed HKII (HK(tg)), and their wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6 littermates mice were examined. In anesthetized animals, the left gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle was connected to a force transducer and continuously stimulated (1-Hz twitches) during 60 min ischemia and 90 min reperfusion. Cell survival (%LDH) was defined by the amount of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity still present in the reperfused GM relative to the contralateral (non-ischemic) GM. Mitochondrial HK activity was 72.6 ± 7.5, 15.7 ± 1.7, and 8.8 ± 0.9 mU/mg protein in male mice, and 72.7 ± 3.7, 11.2 ± 1.4, and 5.9 ± 1.1 mU/mg in female mice for HK(tg), WT, and HK(+/-), respectively. Tetanic force recovery amounted to 33 ± 7% for male and 17 ± 4% for female mice and was similar for HK(tg), WT, and HK(+/-). However, cell survival was decreased (p = 0.014) in male HK(+/-) (82 ± 4%LDH) as compared with WT (98 ± 5%LDH) and HK(tg) (97 ± 4%LDH). No effects of HKII on cell survival was observed in female mice (92 ± 2% LDH). In conclusion, in this mild model of acute in vivo ischemia–reperfusion injury, a partial knockout of HKII was associated with increased cell death in male mice. The data suggest for the first time that HKII mediates skeletal muscle ischemia–reperfusion injury in the intact male animal

Glucose-Insulin Therapy, Plasma Substrate Levels and Cardiac Recovery After Cardiac Ischemic Events

INTRODUCTION: The potential usefulness of glucose-insulin therapy relies to a large extent on the premise that it prevents hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia following cardiac ischemic events. METHODS: In this review we evaluate the literature concerning plasma glucose and free fatty acids levels during and following cardiac ischemic events. RESULTS: The data indicate that hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia most likely occur during acute coronary ischemic syndromes in the conscious state (e.g. acute myocardial infarction) and less so during reperfusion following CABG reperfusion. This is in accordance with observations that glucose-insulin therapy during early reperfusion post CABG may actually cause hypolipidemia, because substantial hyperlipidemia does not appear to occur during that stage of cardiac surgery. DISCUSSION: Considering recent data indicating that hypolipidemia may be detrimental for cardiac function, we propose that free fatty acid levels during reperfusion post CABG with the adjunct glucose-insulin therapy need to be closely monitored. CONCLUSION: From a clinical point of view, a strategy directed at monitoring and thereafter maintaining plasma substrate levels in the normal range for both glucose (4-6 mM) and FFA (0.2-0.6 mM) as well as stimulation of glucose oxidation, promises to be the most optimal metabolic reperfusion treatment following cardiac ischemic episodes. Future (preclinical and subsequently clinical) investigations are required to investigate whether the combination of glucose-insulin therapy with concomitant lipid administration may be beneficial in the setting of reperfusion post CAB