Semantic-Enhanced Differentiable Search Index Inspired by Learning Strategies

Recently, a new paradigm called Differentiable Search Index (DSI) has been proposed for document retrieval, wherein a sequence-to-sequence model is learned to directly map queries to relevant document identifiers. The key idea behind DSI is to fully parameterize traditional ``index-retrieve'' pipelines within a single neural model, by encoding all documents in the corpus into the model parameters. In essence, DSI needs to resolve two major questions: (1) how to assign an identifier to each document, and (2) how to learn the associations between a document and its identifier. In this work, we propose a Semantic-Enhanced DSI model (SE-DSI) motivated by Learning Strategies in the area of Cognitive Psychology. Our approach advances original DSI in two ways: (1) For the document identifier, we take inspiration from Elaboration Strategies in human learning. Specifically, we assign each document an Elaborative Description based on the query generation technique, which is more meaningful than a string of integers in the original DSI; and (2) For the associations between a document and its identifier, we take inspiration from Rehearsal Strategies in human learning. Specifically, we select fine-grained semantic features from a document as Rehearsal Contents to improve document memorization. Both the offline and online experiments show improved retrieval performance over prevailing baselines.Comment: Accepted by KDD 202

Study on characteristics of jewelry consumption in United Kingdom and China

The United Kingdom,which is one of the largest consumer of jewelry in the world,has increased its need or desire for jewelry in the recent years and now arises an overall deficit in jewelry trade.China which is a major jewelry-producing country could be able to provide the products that the UK needs.The researches on the jewelry consumption characteristics of China and United Kingdom show that the ratio of jewelry expenditure /person income in UK has increased from 0.68% to 0.77% from 2001 to 2005.The demand-income elasticities(EI) of jewelry in UK are greater than 1(average of 2.262),whose jewelry consumption will increase quickly as the incomes increase.The products that Chinese jewelry companies could export to UK include necklaces,ear ornaments and pearl rings.The subject of some jade sculptures should be changed for the western culture.The jewelry expenditure of UK exceeds 13 billion US dollars in 2007 and will be 16 billion US dollars in 2010, which is a good guide for the jewelry export of China

Study on characteristics of jewelry consumption in United Kingdom and China

The United Kingdom,which is one of the largest consumer of jewelry in the world,has increased its need or desire for jewelry in the recent years and now arises an overall deficit in jewelry trade.China which is a major jewelry-producing country could be able to provide the products that the UK needs.The researches on the jewelry consumption characteristics of China and United Kingdom show that the ratio of jewelry expenditure /person income in UK has increased from 0.68% to 0.77% from 2001 to 2005.The demand-income elasticities(EI) of jewelry in UK are greater than 1(average of 2.262),whose jewelry consumption will increase quickly as the incomes increase.The products that Chinese jewelry companies could export to UK include necklaces,ear ornaments and pearl rings.The subject of some jade sculptures should be changed for the western culture.The jewelry expenditure of UK exceeds 13 billion US dollars in 2007 and will be 16 billion US dollars in 2010, which is a good guide for the jewelry export of China

Location characteristics of tremolite jade from Dahua, Guangxi

The tremolite jade found in Dahua County, Guangxi Province, is a new type of tremolite jade that has only appeared in the past two years with a low degree of research. But the jade in this production area occupies a large share in the market. It is of great significance to systematically study the gemological characteristics and origin attributes of tremolite jade in this area. Through routine tests, Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and other tests, the inclusion characteristics, spectral characteristics, structural characteristics and composition characteristics of tremolite jade in this area are studied to interpret the origin attribute of tremolite jade in this area. The results show that the main mineral components of Dahua tremolite jade are relatively stable, such as SiO2, MgO and CaO, While the coefficient of variation of minor mineral components MnO, FeO and TiO2 is relatively large. The contents of trace elements B, Cr, Zn and Sr are relatively high, the contents of V, Co and Ni are relatively low, and the content of Mg2+/(Mg2++Fe2+) is 0.03, indicating that the main mineral is tremolite and the tremolite jade in this area is formed by contact metasomatic metamorphism, characterized by low iron and high calcium; From the rare earth elements contained in the sample, the total amount of rare earth elements ΣREE of tremolite jade in the mining area is low, the differentiation of light and heavy rare earth elements is not obvious, belonging to the enrichment type of light rare earth elements, the rare earth distribution mode belongs to the right dip type, relatively flat, Eu negative anomaly and obvious Ce negative anomaly; The average crystallinity of tremolite jade in this area is 0.963, which is greater than that of Xinjiang tremolite jade by 0.843, which is close to that of Qinghai(0.96), which reflects that Dahua tremolite jade has high crystallinity, relatively large crystal particles and good crystallization environment; The ratio of beryllium/silicon intensity(IBe/ISi) by LIBS of tremolite jade in this area is: 0 for tremolite jade in Dahua, Guangxi, China, 0.003-0.008 for tremolite jade in Xinjiang, China, 0 for tremolite jade in Qinghai, China, 0.004-0.006 for tremolite jade in Liaoning, China, 0.1-0.16 for tremolite jade in Korea and 0.03-0.05 for tremolite jade in Russia. The comparison between the above information and other places of origin provides a reference for traceability

Intelligent Data Mining and Decision System for Commercial Decision Making

Information system and data mining are important resources for the investors to make decisions. Information theory pointed that the information is increasing all the time, when the corporations build their millions of databases in order to improve the efficiency. Database technology caters to the needs of fully developing the information resources. This essay discusses the problem of decision making support system and the application of business data mining in commercial decision making. It is recommended that the intelligent decision support system should be built. Besides, the business information used in the commercial decision making must follow the framework of a whole system under guideline, which should be designed by the company.DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i1.397

Data_Sheet_1_Self-focused or other-focused: The influence of acknowledgment type on subsequent donation desires.docx

This study employs morality preference theory to explore how acknowledgment type (self- vs. other-focused) influences donors' subsequent donation desires. The current research consists of 3 studies. Study 1 finds that an other-focused acknowledgment letter elicits higher subsequent donation desires than a self-focused letter. Study 2 testifies to the mediating role of morality preference between the relationship of acknowledgment type and subsequent donation desires. Study 3 manipulates the moral value on “what is the morally right thing of donation” and developed a new scale to measure morality preference. Study 4 excludes the influence of language structure and tests the main effect in a real donation behavior context.</p

Magnetically-enhanced electron transfer from immobilized galvinoxyl radicals

The stability and magnetic susceptibility of galvinoxyl radicals are believed to underpin the behaviour of ferromagnetic organic layers. However, the magnetic response associated with electron transfer from galvinoxyl radicals remains little understood. Here, new findings on magnetically-enhanced electron transfer (MEET) from immobilized galvinoxyl radicals are reported in an electrochemical study using galvinoxyl–gold electrodes. The electron transfer rate constant increases by about 78% in the presence of an external magnetic field of 1.32 mT compared to the electron transfer rate in the absence of a magnetic field. The MEET of organic radical layers on a solid electrode may also open up new avenues for the development of novel ferromagnetic nanostructures and devices. Keywords: Galvinoxyl, Ferromagnetic, Electron transfer, Electrochemistry, Magnetic fiel

Tuning the Functional Groups on Carbon Nanodots and Antioxidant Studies

Carbon nanodots (CNDs) have shown good antioxidant capabilities by scavenging oxidant free radicals such as diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH&bull;) and reactive oxygen species. While some studies suggest that the antioxidation activities associate to the proton donor role of surface active groups like carboxyl groups (&ndash;COOH), it is unclear how exactly the extent of oxidant scavenging potential and its related mechanisms are influenced by functional groups on CNDs&rsquo; surfaces. In this work, carboxyl and the amino functional groups on CNDs&rsquo; surfaces are modified to investigate the individual influence of intermolecular interactions with DPPH&bull; free radical by UV-Vis spectroscopy and electrochemistry. The results suggest that both the carboxyl and the amino groups contribute to the antioxidation activity of CNDs through either a direct or indirect hydrogen atom transfer reaction with DPPH&bull;

Gemological Characteristics of Lvwen Stone and Its Color Genesis

“Lvwen stone” is a yellow-green carbonate jade gemstone. In this study, the gemological characteristics and color genesis of Lvwen stone were investigated using conventional gemological testing methods and analytical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS), laser ablation plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition of Lvwen stone is mainly Ca, with lesser amounts of Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, and other trace elements. The rare earth element distribution pattern indicates that Lvwen stone is characterized by MREE depletion and a positive Ce anomaly. The mineralogic composition of Lvwen stone is calcite, and trace-element- and crystal-size-induced colors result in its characteristic banded appearance. The white (or light green) bands consist of comparatively coarse calcite crystals (~100 μm) that are oriented perpendicularly to the band plane, accounting for their poor light transmittance. In contrast, the dark green matrix is composed of cryptocrystalline calcite crystals that are uniform in size (~10 μm) and tightly packed, resulting in superior light transmittance. Lvwen stone has a 6A1→4E(4D)d-d intra-ion electronic transition absorption band of Fe3+ at ~380–450 nm and a 2E→2T2(2D)d-d intra-ion electronic transition absorption band of Cu2+ at ~580–780 nm. This indicates that both the intra-ion electronic transitions of Fe3+ and Cu2+ give rise to the unique yellow-green color of the material. Lvwen stone is produced by ultra-high-pressure tectonic fluids in a relatively closed, reducing environment, and the green matrix was formed earlier than the white bands