Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Alun-alun Kota Bandung sebagai Ruang Terbuka Publik

Bandung merupakan sebuah kota yang strategis yang memiliki nilai sejarah yang cukup panjang dalam masa perjuangan. Alun alun Bandung merupakan hasil warisan ciri kota tradisional yang dibangun oleh penguasa kolonial yang merupakan pusat ruang terbuka kota. Dari masa kemasa Alun-alun kota Bandung telah mengalami beberapa kali Perubahan, baik bentuk maupun fungsinya sehingga mengakibatkan degradasi makna terhadap fungsinya bagi masyarakat Kota Bandung itu sendiri. Maka fenomena tersebut mengarahkan kepada pertanyaan penelitian yaitu bagaimana persepsi masyarakat terhadap Alun-alun Kota Bandung ditinjau sebagai ruang terbuka publik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap Alun-alun Kota Bandung. Dari tujuan tersebut maka sasaran yang dilakukan adalah mengidentifikasi karakter dan fungsi ruang terbuka publik yaitu fungsi ekologis, arsitektural, dan sosial. Dari hasil analisis dengan menggunakan kuesioner yaitu uji sampel dengan regresi linear sederhana dengan pendekatan analisis pengguna dan analisis karakteristik ruang terbuka publik. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan penilaian baik terhadap korelasi variabel bebas yaitu persepsi masyarakat terhadap variabel terikat yaitu Alun-alun Kota Bandung, setiap kali pertanyaan yang berkenaan dengan Persepsi masyarakat terhadap Alun-alun Kota Bandung akan mempengaruhi nilai hasil pengujian yang cenderung meningkat akan keberadaan Alun-alun itu sendiri. Hasil penelitian ini bisa dimanfaatkan untuk mengangkat kembali citra Alun-alun Kota Bandung sebagai ruang publik atau (Central Square).[Public Perception of The Alun-alun Bandung as Public Open Space] Bandung is a city that has a value that strategic long history in the struggle. Alun Bandung square is the result of inherited traits of traditional town built by the colonial rulers which is the center of the city open space. Over time, Bandung town square has undergone several changes, both form and function, resulting in degradation of the meaning of the function for the city of London itself. The phenomenon then leads to the research question is how the public perception of the square is the city of Bandung reviewed as public open space for the present study tries to analyze the function of the existence of Bandung City Square as a public space. The purpose of this study was to determine the public perception of the square is the city of Bandung. From these objectives, the target does is identify the character and function of public open space that is the function of ecological, architectural and social. From the analysis by using a questionnaire that test samples with a simple linear regression analysis approach and analysis of the characteristics of users of public open space. The results of this study resulted in better assessment of the correlation of the independent variable is the public perception of the dependent variable is the town square of Bandung, every time queries regarding the public\u27s perception of the town square Bandung will affect the value of the test results are likely to increase in the existence Square itself. the results of this study can be used to lift the image of Bandung city square as a public space or (Central Square)

Test of Perfomance ERK Hybrid Dryer with Biomass Furnace as Additional Heating System for Nutmeg Seed (Myristica SP.) Drying

Conventional drying depend on the weather. It was caused agricultural product damaged, and moldy attack. So we need hybrid dryer with a source of radiation and solar biomass to continuous drying and can be controlled.The aims of this research is test performance of ERK hybrid dryer to drying the nutmeg seed during the drying process. Experiments were conducted to determine the distribution of temperature in the dryer in condition with no material and material conditions. Input of energy derived from biomass combustion in the furnace (evening) and combination of biomass and radiation (during the day). Measurements of temperature and RH using a thermocouple CC and alcohol thermometer. Temperature and RH to be measured include temperature and RH in dryer with several measurement points representing the up, middle , bottom and inlet temperature, outlet temperature and ambient temperature measurements at intervals of 30 minutes. The results showed average temperature ranges between 42 ° C - 51 ° C and RH ranged between 50.96 % -55.65 % . Time of drying is used to dry nutmeg from the initial moisture content from 80.72 % wb to 9.67 % wb is 52 hours with an average drying rate is 7.8 % db / hour . The total energy used to heat and vaporize materials,water that is 290 499.9 kJ. Efficiency of drying system 8.63% and energy of drying required to water evaporated is 28520.62 kJ / kg. The result quality of product obtained color of nutmeg generally more uniform

NAAG peptidase inhibition in the periaqueductal gray and rostral ventromedial medulla reduces flinching in the formalin model of inflammation

Abstract Background Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have been identified as significant analgesic targets. Systemic treatments with inhibitors of the enzymes that inactivate the peptide transmitter N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), an mGluR3 agonist, have an analgesia-like effect in rat models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The goal of this study was to begin defining locations within the central pain pathway at which NAAG activation of its receptor mediates this effect. Results NAAG immunoreactivity was found in neurons in two brain regions that mediate nociceptive processing, the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM). Microinjection of the NAAG peptidase inhibitor ZJ43 into the PAG contralateral, but not ipsilateral, to the formalin injected footpad reduced the rapid and slow phases of the nociceptive response in a dose-dependent manner. ZJ43 injected into the RVM also reduced the rapid and slow phase of the response. The group II mGluR antagonist LY341495 blocked these effects of ZJ43 on the PAG and RVM. NAAG peptidase inhibition in the PAG and RVM did not affect the thermal withdrawal response in the hot plate test. Footpad inflammation also induced a significant increase in glutamate release in the PAG. Systemic injection of ZJ43 increased NAAG levels in the PAG and RVM and blocked the inflammation-induced increase in glutamate release in the PAG. Conclusion These data demonstrate a behavioral and neurochemical role for NAAG in the PAG and RVM in regulating the spinal motor response to inflammation and that NAAG peptidase inhibition has potential as an approach to treating inflammatory pain via either the ascending (PAG) and/or the descending pain pathways (PAG and RVM) that warrants further study.</p

Acetaldehyde Induces Neurotoxicity In Vitro via Oxidative Stress- and Ca2+ Imbalance-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Excessive drinking can damage brain tissue and cause cognitive dysfunction. Studies have found that the early stage of neurodegenerative disease is closely related to heavy drinking. Acetaldehyde (ADE) is the main toxic metabolite of alcohol. However, the exact mechanisms of ADE-induced neurotoxicity are not fully clear. In this article, we studied the cytotoxic effect of ADE in HT22 cells and primary cultured cortical neuronal cells. We found that ADE exhibited cytotoxicities against HT22 cells and primary cultured cortical neuronal cells in dose-dependent manners. Furthermore, ADE induced apoptosis of HT22 cells by upregulating the expression of caspase family proapoptotic proteins. Moreover, ADE treatment could significantly increase the intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and activate endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in HT22 cells. ADE upregulated ERS-related CHOP expression dose-dependently in primary cultured cortical neuronal cells. In addition, inhibition of ROS with antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) reduced the accumulation of ROS and reversed ADE-induced increase of ERS-related protein and apoptosis-related protein levels. Mitigation of ERS with ERS inhibitor 4-PBA obviously suppressed ADE-induced apoptosis and the expression of ERS-related proteins. Therefore, ADE induces neurotoxicity of HT22 cells via oxidative stress- and Ca2+ imbalance-mediated ERS

Ultrasound-promoted two-step synthesis of 3-arylselenylindoles and 3-arylthioindoles as novel combretastatin A-4 analogues

A series of 3-(3′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyphenyl)selenyl-5,6,7-trimethoxy-1H-indoles and 3-(3′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyphenyl)thio-5,6,7-trimethoxy-1H-indoles were obtained as a new class of combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) analogues via a convenient ultrasound (US)-assisted two-step process involving 3-selenenylation/sulfenylation followed by O-deallylation. With the assistance of US irradiation, both the reaction rates and yields of selenenylation, sulfenylation and O-deallylation could be significantly improved. A comparison of the reaction rates of O-deallylation and ester reduction demonstrated that O-deallylation was more sensitive to US irradiation. Finally, these products were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities, and most of them showed moderate to potent activities against three human cancer cell lines in vitro

BZML, a novel colchicine binding site inhibitor, overcomes multidrug resistance in A549/Taxol cells by inhibiting P-gp function and inducing mitotic catastrophe

Multidrug resistance (MDR) interferes with the efficiency of chemotherapy. Therefore, developing novel anti-cancer agents that can overcome MDR is necessary. Here, we screened a series of colchicine binding site inhibitors (CBSIs) and found that 5-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-4-methyl-2-(p-tolyl) imidazol (BZML) displayed potent cytotoxic activity against both A549 and A549/Taxol cells. We further explored the underlying mechanisms and found that BZML caused mitosis phase arrest by inhibiting tubulin polymerization in A549 and A549/Taxol cells. Importantly, BZML was a poor substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and inhibited P-gp function by decreasing P-gp expression at the protein and mRNA levels. Cell morphology changes and the expression of cycle- or apoptosis-related proteins indicated that BZML mainly drove A549/Taxol cells to die by mitotic catastrophe (MC), a p53-independent apoptotic-like cell death, whereas induced A549 cells to die by apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that BZML is a novel colchicine binding site inhibitor and overcomes MDR in A549/Taxol cells by inhibiting P-gp function and inducing MC. Our study also offers a new strategy to solve the problem of apoptosis-resistance. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Synthesis and bioevaluation of N,4-diaryl-1,3-thiazole-2-amines as tubulin inhibitors with potent antiproliferative activity

A series of N,4-diaryl-1,3-thiazole-2-amines containing three aromatic rings with an amino linker were designed and synthesized as tubulin inhibitors and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity in three human cancer cell lines. Most of the target compounds displayed moderate antiproliferative activity, and N-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine (10s) was determined to be the most potent compound. Tubulin polymerization and immunostaining experiments revealed that 10s potently inhibited tubulin polymerization and disrupted tubulin microtubule dynamics in a manner similar to CA-4. Moreover, 10s effectively induced SGC-7901 cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in both concentration- and time-dependent manners. The molecular docking results revealed that 10s could bind to the colchicine binding site of tubulin