53 research outputs found
Inversion formula of multifractal energy dissipation in 3D fully developed turbulence
The concept of inverse statistics in turbulence has attracted much attention
in the recent years. It is argued that the scaling exponents of the direct
structure functions and the inverse structure functions satisfy an inversion
formula. This proposition has already been verified by numerical data using the
shell model. However, no direct evidence was reported for experimental three
dimensional turbulence. We propose to test the inversion formula using
experimental data of three dimensional fully developed turbulence by
considering the energy dissipation rates in stead of the usual efforts on the
structure functions. The moments of the exit distances are shown to exhibit
nice multifractality. The inversion formula between the direct and inverse
exponents is then verified.Comment: 3 RevTex pages including 3 eps figure
The prognostic value of Foxp3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with glioblastoma
Forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) is known as a specific marker for regulatory T cells which contribute to immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment. However, existing studies regarding clinical significance of Foxp3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in glioblastoma (GBM) remained discrepant. In this study, we aimed to explore whether this subtype of TILs correlated with prognosis in patients with GBM. Foxp3+ TILs as well as CD8+ ones were detected by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tumor samples from 62 patients. Staining for p53, MGMT and Ki-67 were also performed. The correlation of TIL subtypes with clinicopathologic features were analyzed. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by KaplanāMeier method and compared using log-rank test. Independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS were determined through univariate and multivariate analysis. Significant correlation was found between Foxp3 and CD8 expression (PĀ =Ā 0.003), but not between TIL subtypes and clinicopathologic characteristics. Patients with higher density of Foxp3+ TILs showed relatively shorter PFS (PĀ <Ā 0.001) and OS (PĀ =Ā 0.003) whereas patients with higher density of CD8+ TILs obtained no significant differences in survival. Survival analysis based on molecular classifications further clarified these predictive values. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that frequency of Foxp3+ TILs was probably associated with both PFS (PĀ =Ā 0.002) and OS (PĀ =Ā 0.003). In conclusion, the results suggest that Foxp3 positive infiltrates could provide an independent predictive factor in GBM. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11060-013-1314-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users
Scaling Data Generation in Vision-and-Language Navigation
Recent research in language-guided visual navigation has demonstrated a
significant demand for the diversity of traversable environments and the
quantity of supervision for training generalizable agents. To tackle the common
data scarcity issue in existing vision-and-language navigation datasets, we
propose an effective paradigm for generating large-scale data for learning,
which applies 1200+ photo-realistic environments from HM3D and Gibson datasets
and synthesizes 4.9 million instruction trajectory pairs using fully-accessible
resources on the web. Importantly, we investigate the influence of each
component in this paradigm on the agent's performance and study how to
adequately apply the augmented data to pre-train and fine-tune an agent. Thanks
to our large-scale dataset, the performance of an existing agent can be pushed
up (+11% absolute with regard to previous SoTA) to a significantly new best of
80% single-run success rate on the R2R test split by simple imitation learning.
The long-lasting generalization gap between navigating in seen and unseen
environments is also reduced to less than 1% (versus 8% in the previous best
method). Moreover, our paradigm also facilitates different models to achieve
new state-of-the-art navigation results on CVDN, REVERIE, and R2R in continuous
environments.Comment: ICCV 202
On the properties of random multiplicative measures with the multipliers exponentially distributed
Under the formalism of annealed averaging of the partition function, a type
of random multifractal measures with their multipliers satisfying exponentially
distributed is investigated in detail. Branching emerges in the curve of
generalized dimensions, and negative values of generalized dimensions arise.
Three equivalent methods of classification of the random multifractal measures
are proposed, which is based on: (i) the discrepancy between the curves of
generalized dimensions, (ii) the solution properties of equation T(qcrit) =0,
and (iii) the relative position of the curve f(alpha) and the diagonal
f(alpha)=alpha in the first quadrant. These three classes correspond to
\mu([0,1])=infinity, \mu([0,1])=1 and \mu([0,1])=0, respectively. Phase diagram
is introduced to illustrate the diverse performance of the random measures that
is multiplicatively generated.Comment: 12 pages,7 figures,Revesion of TW060600 submitted to Physica
Long-term temporal dependence of droplets transiting through a fixed spatial point in gas-liquid twophase turbulent jets
We perform rescaled range analysis upon the signals measured by Dual Particle
Dynamical Analyzer in gas-liquid two-phase turbulent jets. A novel rescaled
range analysis is proposed to investigate these unevenly sampled signals. The
Hurst exponents of velocity and other passive scalars in the bulk of spray are
obtained to be 0.590.02 and the fractal dimension is hence 1.41
0.02, which are in remarkable agreement with and much more precise than
previous results. These scaling exponents are found to be independent of the
configuration and dimensions of the nozzle and the fluid flows. Therefore, such
type of systems form a universality class with invariant scaling properties.Comment: 16 Elsart pages including 8 eps figure
Symmetrical femtosecond laser arc incision in correcting corneal astigmatism in cataract patients
AIM: To evaluate the effect of symmetrical arc incision correcting corneal astigmatism in femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification (FLACS). METHODS: This study enrolled patients with cataract combined with regular corneal astigmatism of >0.75 D, who underwent FLACS. Symmetrical arc incision was set at 8 mm diameter and 85% depth. The follow-up time was 3-24mo (4.92Ā±3.49mo). Pentacam recorded the corneal astigmatism and higher-order aberration at pre-operation and post-operation. The changes in corneal astigmatism were analyzed by Alpins method. The correlation of astigmatism type, age, corneal horizontal diameter, corneal thickness, arc incision length, and correction index (CI) was analyzed, and the residual corneal astigmatism was compared with the residual whole eye astigmatism. RESULTS: Totally 79 patients (102 eyes) were enrolled, 10 patients had corneal epithelial injury, 1 patient occurred corneal epithelial hyperplasia. The corneal astigmatism was 1.23Ā±0.38 D pre-operation, and decreased to 0.76Ā±0.39 D post-operation (t=10.146, P=0.000). Corneal high-order aberration was 0.17Ā±0.08 Ī¼m pre-operation and 0.24Ā±0.11 Ī¼m post-operation (t=-5.186, P=0.000). The residual corneal astigmatism and residual whole eye astigmatism were no significant difference (t=-0.347, P=0.729). Using Alpin's method, the following were determined: target-induced astigmatism (TIA) =1.23Ā±0.38 D, surgery-induced astigmatism (SIA) =0.77Ā±0.45 D, difference vector (DV)=0.77Ā±0.39 D, and CI=0.54Ā±0.28. Age, astigmatism size, corneal horizontal diameter, corneal thickness, and arc incision length were not correlated with CI. The CI for against the rule astigmatism (ATR) was better than that for with the rule astigmatism (WTR; P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Femtosecond laser-assisted astigmatic keratotomy has better CI of ATR, but increase higher-order corneal aberration. CI is not ideal, it's not a perfect choice if we pursue ideal correction effect
Multifractality of Drop Breakup in Air-blast Nozzle Atomization Process
The multifractal nature of drop breakup in air-blast nozzle atomization
process has been studied. We apply the multiplier method to extract the
negative and the positive parts of the f(alpha) curve with the data of drop
size distribution measured using Dual PDA. A random multifractal model with the
multiplier triangularly distributed is proposed to characterize the breakup of
drops. The agreement of the left part of the multifractal spectra between the
experimental result and the model is remarkable. The cause of the distinction
of the right part of the f(alpha) curve is argued. The fact that negative
dimensions arise in the current system means that the spatial distribution of
the drops yielded by the high-speed jet fluctuates from sample to sample. On
other words, the spatial concentration distribution of the disperse phase in
the spray zone fluctuates momentarily showing intrinsic randomness
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