AROMATASE AND NEUROREGENERATION

Aromatase (cyp19a1) is a converting enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis. A single gene of cyp19a1 identified in mammals and specific promoter differentially regulates E2 produce in the brain. Interestingly, teleost fish having two isoforms of cyp19a1, cyp19a1a and cy19a1b, encoding ovarian and brain aromatase, respectively. In addition, teleost fish are characterized by having highly aromatase activity and neuroregenerative response. In contrast with fish, neuroregeneration process is limited in mammals. Therefore, understanding molecular mechanism of estradiol signaling in neural injury in fish may give a new insight for the development of novel treatment in mammals, particularly in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, the author briefly reviews and discusses the potential role of neural estrogen for regeneration process

Analysis of antidiabetic potential of palmitic acid compounds through in silico activation

Diabetes Mellitus is a condition where the body's sugar level exceeds the blood's normal limit. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is the most common type of diabetes and is a chronic disease caused by insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction, resulting in decreased insulin sensitivity. The management of diabetes Mellitus is in the form of oral hypoglycemic drugs. Still, these drugs have side effects such as gastrointestinal disturbances, nausea, vomiting, hypoglycemia, macrovascular disorders, microvascular disorders, etc. So, it is necessary to seek alternative drugs to increase insulin sensitivity to lower blood sugar levels which are safer using herbal plants. One of the suspected plants that can be an alternative medicine to reduce excess blood sugar levels is the dandang gendis plant (Clinacanthus nutans). The dandang gendis plant (Clinacanthus nutans) contains palmitic acid, which can reduce excess blood sugar levels in the blood. This study aims to determine the potential of palmitic acid compounds from the Dandang gendis plant as an in silico AMPK protein activator. Qualitative descriptive method using molecular docking in silico method to determine the affinity and interaction with palmitic acid compounds in the dandang gendis plant in activating AMPK protein. Docking between palmitic acid and AMPK produces an energy value (ΔGbind) of -5.3 kcal/mol. docking of metformin resulted in the lowest energy value (ΔGbind) of 5.1 kcal/mol. The bond produced by palmitic acid docking has a fairly strong affinity for the AMPK protein of -5.3 kcal/mol. So palmitic acid, an ingredient in the dandang gendis plant (Clinacanthus nutans) has the potential as an antidiabetic

Prototype media pembelajaran manekin recycle 3 in 1

Prototype ini digunakan dalam pembelajaran preklinik mahasiswa Pendidikan Dokter, FKIK UIN Malang di Laboratorium Skills. Manikin sendiri merupakan media pembelajaran praktik mahasiswa untuk melatih ketrampilan klinik mahasiswa di Skill Lab. Di dalam Prototype Manekin Recycle 3 in 1, mahasiswa dapat belajar 3 ketrampilan klinik sekaligus dalam satu manekin, diantaranya adalah : 1. Keterampilan Tindakan pemasangan infus 2. Keterampilan tindakan pengambilan sampling darah artery / BGA 3. Keterampilan tindakan bedah minor dan penjahitan luka

The role of IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism and intraocular IL-6 levels in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the key regulators behind the inflammatory and pathological process associated with ophthalmic diseases. The role of IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism as well as intraocular IL-6 levels among various eye disease patients differ across studies and has not been systematically reviewed. Thus, this study aims to provide a summary to understand the relationship between IL-6 and ophthalmic disease. In total, 8,252 and 11,014 subjects for IL-6-174 G/C and intraocular levels of IL-6, respectively, were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. No association was found between IL-6-174 G/C polymorphisms with ocular diseases. Subgroup analyses revealed a suggestive association between the GC genotype of IL-6-174 G/C with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Further, the level of intraocular IL-6 among ocular disease patients in general was found to be higher than the control group [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–1.58, P < 0.00001]. Closer examination through subgroup analyses yielded similar results in several ocular diseases. This study thus indicates that the IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism does not predispose patients to ocular disease, although the GC genotype is likely to be a genetic biomarker for PDR. Moreover, intraocular IL-6 concentrations are related to the specific manifestations of the ophthalmic diseases. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm this conclusion

Automated External Defibrillators (AED) trainer simulator

Berikut merupakan langkah-langkah untuk mengakses aplikasi. Aplikasi ini digunakan dalam pembelajaran preklinik mahasiswa Pendidikan Dokter, FKIK UIN Malang di Laboratorium Skills berbasis website yang dapat diakses secara online melalui laman website https://kedokteran.uin-malang.ac.id/aedkardus/ dengan menggunakan browser pada computer atau perangkat mobile lain yang dapat terhubung ke internet. Di dalam software ini, mahasiswa dapat belajar tentang simulasi penggunaan alat Automated External Defibrillators (AED) tiap tahapan dengan melihat animasi yang disertai suara

Association between GPER gene polymorphisms and GPER expression levels with cancer predisposition and progression

Estrogen is a female sex steroid hormone that plays a significant role in physiological functions. Evidence suggests that estrogen-signaling pathways are closely linked to cancer development and progression. The novel G proteincoupled estrogen receptor (GPER or GPR30) has been shown to influence cancer predisposition and progression, although results of related studies remain equivocal. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to estimate the relationship between GPER gene polymorphisms and GPER expression levels, with cancer predisposition and progression. The pooled results showed that two GPER polymorphisms, rs3808350 and rs3808351, were significantly associated with cancer predisposition, especially in the Asian population, but no significant association was detected for rs11544331. In parallel, we also found that cancer aggressiveness and progression correlated with rs3808351 and GPER expression in cancerous tissues. Altogether, our findings suggest that GPER plays a pivotal role in cancer pathogenesis and progression. We suggest that rs3808350 and rs3808351 may be used as a prospective biomarker for cancer screening; while rs3808351 and GPER expression can be used to examine the prognosis of patients with cancer. Further biological studies are warranted to confirm our findings

Use of an in-house-developed, 3D-printed mannequin for emergency medicine training among medical students

Introduction To describe, validate, and evaluate the effectiveness of an in-house-developed mannequin versus standard commercial mannequins for emergency medicine training among undergraduate medical students. Materials and methods Firstly, we developed a 3-in-1 model consisting of 3 modules (sampling techniques, fluid resuscitation and IV drug administration, and minor surgery). Forty participants of 2nd-year medical students were enrolled. Each student completed three scenarios through the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) simulation assessment. The questionnaire was used to rate the mannequins' overall quality, usability, comparability, cost efficiency, and realism. Results Although students using an in-house-developed mannequin had similar OSCE scores to a standard mannequin, students rated an in-house-developed mannequin easier to use. On the other hand, most students agreed that the standard commercial mannequin was more realistic than a substitute one. The costs of the materials needed for mannequin fabrication were less than 100 USD, and it was functionally comparable. Conclusion An in-house-developed mannequin was well accepted by students and teachers and could be used to deliver and assess clinical skills for medical students effectively at low-cost

A systematic proteomic profiling and pathway analysis of protein biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy with subsequent validation of the IL-6 upstream regulator

Purpose Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Identifying risk factors associated with DR development and progression is crucial for improving treatment efficacy. Although proteomic changes in DR have been extensively studied, the results remain equivocal. Hence, this study aims to summarize and identify potential diagnostic or prognostic markers for DR. In addition, the upstream regulator responsible for protein deregulation of this disease was also validated. Methods We systematically analyzed the current literature on proteomic profile changes in DR, followed by pathway analysis identification. To validate the protein level changes, ELISA was performed from serum samples collected from 27 patients with DR and 25 healthy controls. Results Our analysis revealed that 1 candidate marker (afamin [AFM]) distinguished non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) from type 2 diabetic patients with no diabetic retinopathy/controls, 65 candidate markers distinguished proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) from NPDR, 1 candidate marker (thyroid receptor-interacting protein 11 [TRIP11]) distinguished PDR from PDR-DME/DME, and 3 candidate markers for therapeutic evaluation of PDR. Our results pinpoint that inflammatory response, which IL-6 mainly modulated, is responsible for the changes of proteomic profiles identified in DR. This was also validated by ELISA analysis, indicating that IL-6 could be potentially useful for diagnosing DR. Conclusion We report a comprehensive patient-based proteomic approach to identify potential biomarkers for DR diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment evaluation