Exploration and profiling of mixed-substituent Triazacyclohexane complexes of CrCl3 through synthesis and characterization

A mixture of Triazacyclohexane complexes of CrCl3 with two different amines has been prepared. The complexes with EtO(CH2)3NH2 and Octyl(NH2) have been separated by column chromatography and then identified and characterized the isolated complexes with the help of analytical tools, NMR (including Evans method), UV-Vis and ESI-MS. Used average mass of the complexes to get a yield of 98.2% and the amount of prepared complexes reacting with was 298.40 mg. The prepared mixture was then subjected to the column chromatography and the mixture of two complexes was separated with an amount of 0.1338 g with Octyl(NH2) and 0.1450g with EtO(CH2)3NH2 and a sufficient amount of formaldehyde such that 0.058 g was also obtained. The above solution was then analyzed by NMR, MS and UV-Vis spectroscopy for the confirmation of the product formed

FACTORS INFLUENCING DESTINATION IMAGE THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE PRE-PURCHASE PERIOD OF TOURISM IN PAKISTAN

Due to the technological advancements, people start depending on social media for various matters. As social media provides a tool for developing an image of the destination, it became an essential component in the process of decision-making regarding traveling. This study aims to investigate the influence of user-generated content (UGC), Information Quality (IQ) and Tourist’s Motivation (TM) on destination image through social media in the pre-trip period of tourism in Pakistan. The empirical analysis was conducted by using the survey method through online Google forms. Data was collected from social media (Facebook) users who were the members of the Facebook tourism groups in Pakistan. The findings of the study revealed that UGC does not significantly affect the destination image in the pre-purchase period. Whereas, information quality and tourist’s motivation significantly affect the destination image of Pakistani tourists. The research concludes that tourist’s motivation before experiencing tourism and the information they have exposed to plays a significant role in developing a destination image in the tourism market. Furthermore, this research contributes to the tourism sector of Pakistan by providing information regarding factors developing destination image. This information may help in developing a positive image of the destinations in Pakistan. Also, this study contributes by providing the tourism sector an understanding of the tourist’s behaviors in the pre-purchase period of traveling in Pakistan

FACTORS INFLUENCING DESTINATION IMAGE THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE PRE-PURCHASE PERIOD OF TOURISM IN PAKISTAN

Due to the technological advancements, people start depending on social media for various matters. As social media provides a tool for developing an image of the destination, it became an essential component in the process of decision-making regarding traveling. This study aims to investigate the influence of user-generated content (UGC), Information Quality (IQ) and Tourist’s Motivation (TM) on destination image through social media in the pre-trip period of tourism in Pakistan. The empirical analysis was conducted by using the survey method through online Google forms. Data was collected from social media (Facebook) users who were the members of the Facebook tourism groups in Pakistan. The findings of the study revealed that UGC does not significantly affect the destination image in the pre-purchase period. Whereas, information quality and tourist’s motivation significantly affect the destination image of Pakistani tourists. The research concludes that tourist’s motivation before experiencing tourism and the information they have exposed to plays a significant role in developing a destination image in the tourism market. Furthermore, this research contributes to the tourism sector of Pakistan by providing information regarding factors developing destination image. This information may help in developing a positive image of the destinations in Pakistan. Also, this study contributes by providing the tourism sector an understanding of the tourist’s behaviors in the pre-purchase period of traveling in Pakistan

Study of class 1 integrons in multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from different hospitals in Karachi

Objective(s): Escherichia coli is the key pathogen in the family producing ESBL (extended spectrum β-lactamase) and associated with community-acquired infections. Therefore, this study was planned to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of uropathogenic E. coli, prevalence of the ESBL gene group and class 1 integrons.Materials and Methods: Clinical isolates of uropathogenic E. coli were isolated from different hospitals of Karachi. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer Methods. Presence of β– lactamases genes (CTX, TEM, and SHV) and integron 1 were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: Out of 500, 105 isolates were identified as multi-drug resistant (MDR) uropathogenic E. coli. The subject MDR isolates showed the highest resistance to aztreonam, amoxil/ clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, ceftriaxone, cefipime, and cefuroxime. Genetic analysis showed that the majority of the MDR E. coli carry CTX M1 (57.1%) followed by TEM (33.3%) and SHV (9.5%). Moreover, 79% of MDR E. coli harbored class 1 integrons, whereas all three conserved genes for class 1 integrons were present in 58% of MDR E. coli. Conclusion: This study is helpful to provide information regarding the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, distribution ESBLs and class 1 integrons among uropathogenic E. coli

The impact of organizational learning, on firm performance in the context of manufacturing SMES in Malaysia, mediating role of innovation capability

There is a considerable signal from empirical studies that many factors influence firm performance. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to review the impact of one (1) important variable which is (organizational learning) on the performance of manufacturing SMEs operating in Malaysia. This conceptual paper explored the mediation role of innovation capability. The conceptual framework was developed after a systematic review of past literature. The present paper found the important influence of the study’s variables on firm performance. Furthermore, the study provided some understanding of how organizational learning affects SMEs' performance in Malaysia. Organizational learning plays an important role in influencing a Manufacturing SME's firm performance. Despite that, the mediation role of innovation capability is expected to strengthen the relationship between organizational learning and firm performance. The paper emphasizes the critical value of organizational learning and innovation capability for SMEs owner/managers consideration when acting on behalf of their company; failing which the SMEs could experience poor performance. Resource-Based View (RBV) theory was used to underlie the conceptual framework. In addition, some implications of this conceptual model for theory and practice are discussed

Impact of emotional solidarity, place attachment and affective destination image on conative destination image in Pakistan

The main purpose of this conceptual paper is to review the impact emotional solidarity and place attachment, on the conative destination image and the mediating role of affective destination image between emotional solidarity and place attachment on conative destination image of Pakistan tourism sector. The paper’s framework was developed based on a systematic review of past literature which has not been tested yet. The present conceptual paper suggests future researchers to test the present framework in the tourism sector in Pakistan using a quantitative approach. The present paper found the important influence of the study’s variables on conative destination image. However, a deep understanding provided of how three (3) variables affect conative destination image in Pakistan. The paper emphasizes the critical value of emotional solidarity, place attachment and affective destination image for tourism sector owner/managers consideration when acting on behalf of their company; failing which the tourism could experience poor destination image. Destination Image Theory was used to underlie the conceptual framework. In addition, implications of this conceptual model for theory and practice are discussed

Relationship of cell surface hydrophobicity with biofilm formation and growth rate: A study on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli

Objective(s): This study was designed to determine the relationship of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli isolates in multispecies biofilms and their individual phenotypic characters in biofilm consortia. Materials and Methods:  The subject isolates were recovered from different food samples and identified on the basis of growth on differential and selective media.  Tube methods, Congo-red agar method, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study biofilms phenotypes. The hydrophobicity of the strains was evaluated by the adhesion to apolar solvent. Results: The results showed that E. coli dominated the pre-biofilm stage. It has been observed that E. coli adopted biofilm life much before S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. However, after adopting biofilm lifestyle, slowly and gradually, P. aeruginosa dominated the consortia and dispersed other stakeholders. The subject isolates of P. aeruginosa produce cis-2-decanoic acid to disperse or inhibit S. aureus and E. coli biofilms. Gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry results showed that cis-2-decanoic was higher in the co-culture condition and increased at late log-phase or at stationary phase. Although majority of S. aureus were unable to compete with P. aeruginosa, however, a minor population competed, survived, and persisted in biofilm consortia as small colony variants. The survivors showed higher expression of sigB and sarA genes. P. aeruginosa showed comparatively higher hydrophobic surface properties. Conclusion: Comparative analysis showed that cell surface hydrophobicity, growth rate, and small colony variants (SCVs) are correlated in biofilm consortia of the P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and E. coli

Measurement of destination personality: an updated literature review

Destination branding has been an extensively investigated idea as governments and corporations seek to reposition their respective destinations' images in the mainstream sphere. Many areas of destination branding are researched; not only for the purpose of branding or rebranding locations, but also to stimulate local economies. The purpose of this study is to obtain information about destination personality from the literature accessible in research sources. Based on the citation indices and downloads from digital sites and libraries, this research picked 28 noteworthy papers on the issue that were published in the recent 12 years, and then conducted the analysis on them. This review paper presents the findings of previous researches and the approaches used therein. The findings reveals that 42-item BPSof (Aaker, 1997) were used to measure destination personality. However, the most noticeable dimensions of destination personality based on which human characteristics are attributed to the destination are sincerity, excitement and conviviality and researchers used these dimensions are most commonly to measure destination personality. These noticeable dimensions of destination personality sincerity and excitement were found to be two main dimensions and conviviality is newly specific to destination. Researchers, marketers, and government officials might benefit from an increased understanding of notions of destination personality and its implications in tourism, which could lead to adjustments and improvements in the branding of tourist, business, and other kinds of destinations. Hence, it is essential to emphasise that this paper is only a qualitative evaluation of the literature and therefore confined to the results of prior research in this area