1,823 research outputs found
Ecological hazard, typology, morphometry and quantity of waste dumps of coal mines in Ukraine
As a result of coal mining, a large number of waste rock dumps have been created on the earth's surface around the world. As a result of deflation and water erosion of the dump surface, extensive contamination of the soil cover of agricultural land with heavy metals occurs, threatening the food security of many countries. The article proposes a method for determining the area of potentially contaminated land in coal-mining regions. The area of such land in Ukraine has been estimated. A scheme for the dispersion of pollutants from waste dumps is proposed, which makes it possible to identify four types of polluted areas. Using the Google Earth service, the exact modern number of dumps in the Donetsk coal basin (Donbass) as a whole (1600) and separately in its western, central and eastern parts was determined. The average height, the average and total area of the base and surface, and the forest cover of the dumps in the Central Donbass were determined. It was found that the area of potentially contaminated land as a result of surface deflation of dumps in Central Donbass is 30,605 hectares. Taking into account the discharge of pollutants both from the surface of the dumps and from the deflationary pollution zone, the area of such land is 35,765 hectares. The mathematical modelling of the processes of pollutant removal by wind and deposition on the soil surface showed that it is possible to radically reduce the area of pollution by afforestation of waste dumps and, first of all, their flat tops
Electron dynamics in the normal state of cuprates: spectral function, Fermi surface and ARPES data
An influence of the electron-phonon interaction on excitation spectrum and
damping in a narrow band electron subsystem of cuprates has been investigated.
Within the framework of the t-J model an approach to solving a problem of
account of both strong electron correlations and local electron-phonon binding
with characteristic Einstein mode in the normal state has been
presented. In approximation Hubbard-I it was found an exact solution to the
polaron bands. We established that in the low-dimensional system with a pure
kinematic part of Hamiltonian a complicated excitation spectrum is realized. It
is determined mainly by peculiarities of the lattice Green's function. In the
definite area of the electron concentration and hopping integrals a correlation
gap may be possible on the Fermi level. Also, in specific cases it is observed
a doping evolution of the Fermi surface. We found that the strong
electron-phonon binding enforces a degree of coherence of electron-polaron
excitations near the Fermi level and spectrum along the nodal direction depends
on wave vector module weakly. It corresponds to ARPES data. A possible origin
of the experimentally observed kink in the nodal direction of cuprates is
explained by fine structure of the polaron band to be formed near the mode
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Glass transition in fullerenes: mode-coupling theory predictions
We report idealized mode-coupling theory results for the glass transition of
ensembles of model fullerenes interacting via phenomenological two-body
potentials. Transition lines are found for C60, C70 and C96 in the
temperature-density plane. We argue that the observed glass-transition behavior
is indicative of kinetic arrest that is strongly driven by the inter-particle
attraction in addition to excluded-volume repulsion. In this respect, these
systems differ from most standard glass-forming liquids. They feature arrest
that occurs at lower densities and that is stronger than would be expected for
repulsion-dominated hard-sphere-like or Lennard-Jones-like systems. The
influence of attraction increases with increasing the number of carbon atoms
per molecule. However, unrealistically large fullerenes would be needed to
yield behavior reminiscent of recently investigated model colloids with strong
short-ranged attraction (glass-glass transitions and logarithmic decay of
time-correlation functions).Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
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