39 research outputs found
The role of currency swaps in the domestic banking system and the functioning the swap market during the crisis
The basic purpose of this study is to didactically demonstrate the factors shaping the currency swap stock of domestic banks prior to the crisis and to provide a descriptive analysis of how the structure and the functioning of the market changed during the crisis. The main conclusions of the study are as follows. In addition to the wide ranging applicability of the transaction, the rise in the currency swap stock of domestic credit institutions is also attributable to macroeconomic factors. The bulk of the exchange rate risk resulting from the high external borrowing requirement and rising external debt was carried by the domestic private sector, while the foreign sector shared a decreasing portion of the risk. The rapid increase in the swap stock was also due to the fact that the synthetic production of foreign currency funds with currency swaps was often more successful than the direct inflow of foreign currency funds. On the basis of the decomposition of the domestic banking system’s on-balance sheet foreign currency position, we can state that it increased mainly as a result of items that also increased the balance sheet total. Following the outbreak of the global financial crisis in the autumn of 2008, the conditions for ensuring foreign currency liquidity deteriorated significantly, which had a substantial effect on implied forint yields, and the turnover and structure of the swap market. While the total average turnover of the domestic FX swap market did not drop radically when the crisis was spreading, market liquidity did decline significantly for a few days and access to foreign currency liquidity became limited. The active role assumed by parent banks and shortening maturities contributed to moderating the decline in turnover. Anecdotal information relating to the tightening of counterparty limits vis-a-vis domestic banks is supported by the decline in the number of non-resident counterparties. The crisis also contributed to changes in the structure of the swap stock. The average remaining maturity of the gross stock began to decline directly after the Lehman bankruptcy, at the time of global dollar liquidity problems, followed by a rise starting from early 2009, principally owing to transactions concluded with parent banks. Domestic subsidiary banks managed to increase maturity primarily through cross-currency swap transactions concluded with intra-group counterparties, but non-group counterparties also concluded transactions with longer maturity with domestic banks.FX swap, currency swap, foreign currency based loan, crisis, counterparty limit, margin call, liquidity requirement
Az egyetemi központĂş vállalkozĂłi ökoszisztĂ©ma Ă©s a közössĂ©gi finanszĂrozás kapcsolata
Az egyetemi vállalkozĂłi ökoszisztĂ©ma kĂ©rdĂ©sköre a felsĹ‘oktatási intĂ©zmĂ©nyek harmadik missziĂłjának irányába illik, ahol is megjelenik a helyi gazdasági-társadalmi környezetbĹ‘l eredĹ‘ problĂ©mák megoldásában vállalt aktĂv tevĂ©kenysĂ©g. A szerzĹ‘k tanulmányukban elĹ‘ször definiálják az egyetemi vállalkozĂłi ökoszisztĂ©ma fogalmát, majd rámutatnak az egyetemi közössĂ©gi finanszĂrozás (crowdfunding) rendszerszemlĂ©letű integrálásának kihĂvásaira ebben a kontextusban. A vállalkozĂłi ökoszisztĂ©mába integrált közössĂ©gi finanszĂrozás rĂ©vĂ©n az egyetemek forrásközvetĂtĹ‘i szerepet is vállalhatnak a kibertĂ©rben. A rĂ©giĂłban Ă©s az intĂ©zmĂ©nyi kereteken belĂĽl lĂ©trejött ĂĽzleti ötletek Ă©s azok korai fázisĂş finanszĂrozása közĂ© a „platformosodás” jegyĂ©ben infrastruktĂşrákat, ĂĽzleti hálĂłzatokat szervezhetnek Ă©s kultĂşrát Ă©pĂthetnek a felsĹ‘oktatási intĂ©zmĂ©nyek, melyek rĂ©vĂ©n elĹ‘segĂtik az informáciĂłs technolĂłgiákon át áramoltatott erĹ‘források hatĂ©konyabb allokáciĂłját, az innovatĂv projektötletek felismerĂ©sĂ©t, fejlesztĂ©sĂ©t Ă©s alternatĂv finanszĂrozását. A projektötletek keresleti oldala Ă©s helyi közössĂ©gekben rejlĹ‘ finanszĂrozási kĂnálat közötti piactĂ©r megteremtĂ©se mellett innovatĂv oktatási mĂłdszerekkel is támogatni kell az egyetemi közössĂ©gi finanszĂrozás sikerĂ©t. Empirikus kutatásukban rámutatnak arra, hogy a hallgatĂłi vállalkozásfejlesztĂ©si programok gazdag interakciĂłs oktatási környezete emeli a crowdfundinggal kapcsolatos hallgatĂłi nyitottságot mind rĂ©szvĂ©teli szándĂ©k, mind támogatási hajlandĂłság oldalon
Az egyetemi vállalkozĂłi ökoszisztĂ©mába ágyazott közössĂ©gi finanszĂrozás
A közössĂ©gi finanszĂrozás a pĂ©nzĂĽgy, a technolĂłgia Ă©s a vállalkozás nexusába ágyazva katalizálhatja a – regionális Ă©s egyetemen belĂĽli – helyi vállalkozĂłi ökoszisztĂ©mát, hozzájárulhat a gazdasági növekedĂ©shez, innováciĂłhoz Ă©s munkahely-teremtĂ©shez. Az egyetemeken keletkezĹ‘ vállalkozĂłi Ă©s innováciĂłs potenciál szempontjábĂłl a hallgatĂłi, oktatĂłi Ă©s alumni startup-ok, valamint a K+F kapacitás számára nyĂşjthat alternatĂv finanszĂrozási mĂłdot az Ăşn. crowdfunding. A szerzĹ‘k cĂ©lja, hogy a vállalkozĂłi ökoszisztĂ©mák Ă©s a közössĂ©gi finanszĂrozás fontosabb vonásait bemutatva feltárják a közös keresztmetszeteket, interakciĂłkat, továbbá átgondolják egy ilyen platform implementáciĂłs lehetĹ‘sĂ©geit a PĂ©csi Tudományegyetemen
Wireless Multi-Sensor Networks for Smart Cities: A Prototype System with Statistical Data Analysis
As urbanization proceeds at an astonishing rate, cities have to continuously
improve their solutions that affect the safety, health and overall wellbeing of
their residents. Smart city projects worldwide build on advanced sensor,
information and communication technologies to help dealing with issues like air
pollution, waste management, traffic optimization, and energy efficiency. The
paper reports about the prototype of a smart city initiative in Budapest which
applies various sensors installed on the public lighting system and a
cloud-based analytical module. While the installed wireless multi-sensor
network gathers information about a number of stressors, the module integrates
and statistically processes the data. The module can handle inconsistent,
missing and noisy data and can extrapolate the measurements in time and space,
namely, it can create short-term forecasts and smoothed maps, both accompanied
by reliability estimates. The resulting database uses geometric representations
and can serve as an information centre for public services.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, 27 reference
ÎĽ s isomers of Nd 158,160
The neutron-rich nuclei Nd158,160 have been studied via delayed γ-ray spectroscopy of μs isomeric states at the RIBF facility, RIKEN. These nuclei were produced following the projectile fission of a 345 AMeVU238 beam and delayed γ rays were detected by the EURICA cluster Ge array. The isomeric states have measured half-lives of 339(20) ns and 1.63(21) μs for Nd158 and Nd160, respectively. From the observed γ decays and the systematics of levels in the neighboring Nd isotopes first level schemes were constructed for these nuclei. The isomeric states of Nd158,160 have been assigned spins of (6-) and (4-), with proposed ν5/2[523] - ν7/2[633] and ν1/2[521] - ν7/2[633] configurations, respectively. © 2016 American Physical Society