Shared Pastures and Anthelmintic Resistance in Wildlife and Livestock

Parasitic diseases are an important threat to grazing livestock. Until recently, the most accepted control methods were regular, herd-level deworming regimen and grazing on “clean” or “safe” pasture. Presence of wild ruminants on pastures was considered as the main risk of parasitic infection. In the last decades, the failure of these conventional attitude was suspected. This study was carried out in Hungary, where springtime, whole-herd deworming is still in practice. Our hypotheses were that the above-mentioned strategy led to high prevalence of anthelmintic resistance; on the other hand, wildlife could not contribute to deleterious parasitosis of livestock. For this, we accomplished an investigation in the close surroundings of typical sheep herds. The aims were to determine the species structure and anthelminthic resistance in the parasite community of the sheep herds and the adjacent roe deer population. As a result, we found that in the roe deer (N=53), a more diverse parasite community exists and the most devastating worm species, Haemonchus contortus plays a less important role in it; than in the sheep (N=40). Prevalence of benzimidazole resistance in H. contortus was 17.1% and 68.6% in the roe deer and sheep, respectively. Our findings suggest that routine deworming cannot succeed; while presence of roe deer is rather useful, as its parasites attenuate the simplistic, anthelmintic resistant pasture community

A pedagógus-diák közötti kötődés jellemzése egy hazai vizsgálat tükrében

While previously educational research focused on the cognitive aspect, nearly 60 years ago the situation has changed and the investigation of affective factors of learning became important in the international research and in the last two decades in Hungary too (Józsa és Fejes, 2012). There are few Hungarian researches that investigate school attachment (eg Szabó and Virányi, 2011) and teacherstudent bond (Zsolnai, 2018) but close teacher-student relationship is probably the most important factor of effective education (Sava, 2002). It influences students’ personal development and school success (eg Sabol and Pianta, 2012) and not only in early childhood but in adolescence as well (Verschueren, 2015). In the first part of the study the concept and content of attachment are defined, and next, the different interpretations of student-teacher relationship are discussed. This is followed by an analysis of assessment tools and a description of measurement practices. Finaly we introduce the first Hungarian data of a widely used pedagogical perception-based instrument (Pianta, 2001).Míg korábban a neveléstudományi kutatások jellemzően a személyiségfejlesztés kognitív szférájára fókuszáltak, nemzetközi viszonylatban közel 60 éve, Magyarországon pedig az utóbbi két évtizedben a tanulást befolyásoló affektív tényezők vizsgálata is előtérbe került (Józsa és Fejes, 2012). E tényezők közül az iskolai kötődések vizsgálatára hazánkban eddig kevés kutató vállalkozott (például Szabó és Virányi, 2011), a pedagógusdiák közötti kötődéssel pedig csak érintőlegesen foglalkoztak (Zsolnai, 2018). A pedagógus és diák közötti kötődés az eredményes nevelés talán legfontosabb feltétele (Sava, 2002). Rövid és hosszú távon egyaránt szignifikáns hatással van a személyiségfejlődésre és az iskolai sikerességre (például Sabol és Pianta, 2012), mely hatás nem csak kisgyermekkorban, hanem serdülőkorban is érvényesül (Verschueren, 2015). Tanulmányunk első részében a kötődés fogalmának és alakulásának rövid tárgyalását követően bemutatjuk a pedagógus-diák közötti kötődést vizsgáló nemzetközi kutatások alapjaként szolgáló értelmezéseket, áttekintést adunk a nemzetközi kutatásokban használatos vizsgálati módszerekről és eszközökről. Ezt követően egy széles körben alkalmazott, pedagógusi percepción alapuló mérőeszköz (Pianta, 2001) hazai kipróbálásának első eredményeiről számolunk be

Association of transferrin genotypes and production traits of Holstein-Friesian cows in Vojvodina

The aim of this study was to identify genotypes of transferrin, evaluate their frequency in population of Holstein-Friesian cows, and to study association of transferrin genotypes with productivity of cows. Blood samples were collected from 249 healthy adult Holstein cows, daughters of 18 sires, reared at farm in Vojvodina. The nine transferrin (IT) genotypes were identified: three (transferrin AA, D1D1 and D2D2) of these were homozygous and the remaining six (transferrin AD1, AD2, AE, D1D2, D1E and D2E) heterozygous. The frequencies of genotypes AD2, D1D2, D2D2 and AD1 were 0.29, 0.20, 0.17, and 0.11, respectively, while the other genotypes had frequencies below 0.11. The frequency of alleles A, D1, D2 and E, which was derived from the frequency of genotypes, was 0.30 for allele A, 0.19 for allele D1, 0.45 for allele D2 and 0.06 for allele E. In the analyzed population, cows Tf genotype D2E, AD2, D2D2, and D1D2 had the highest average of milk and milk fat yield in the first three standard lactation, while cows genotype AA, AD1 and ME had the least amount. Analysis of variance showed that Tf genotype had a non-significant effect in the case of milk fat. However, cows which showed the highest performance for milk fat yield in three standard lactations were phenovarients Tf D2E, AD2, D2D2 and D1D2 in the analyzed population. Based on these results, the general conclusion can be made that the cows with Tf genotype AD2 recorded best results in all observed traits, and that cows which were heterozygous for Tf gene had higher milk yield and milk fat than the cows homozygous for Tf gene

A DGAT1 és TG gén hatása az intramuszkuláris faggyúra és a tej zsírtartalmára hazánkban tenyésztett húsmarha fajtákban = The effect of DGAT1 and TG gene on the intramuscular and milk fat content in different beef cattle breeds in Hungary

Az utóbbi évek kutatásai igazolták, hogy szarvasmarhában a thyroglobulint (TG) polimorfizmus az intramuszkuláris faggyútartalomra, a diacilglicerol O-aciltranszferáz (DGAT1) polimorfizmus pedig a tej zsírtartalmára fejt ki jelentős hatást. PCR-RFLP (polimeráz láncreakció-restrikciós fragmenthossz polimorfizmus) vizsgálattal mindkét gén esetében jól elkülöníthető három-három genotípus, melyek között szignifikáns különbség tapasztalható a vizsgált tulajdonságok tekintetében. A jelen -OTKA által támogatott- kutatás során a DGAT1 genotípusok hatását vizsgáltuk hostein-fríz tehenek laktációs paramétereire, ill. a TG genotípusok hatását a hús márványozottságára, különböző hazai húsmarha fajták esetében. Vizsgálataink során -a DGAT1 lókusznál- a tej, zsír és fehérje hozam a GC homozigóta teheneknél volt a legmagasabb, míg a márványozottság vizsgálatakor (TG lókusz) a TT genotípusú állatok rostélyosának faggyútartalma mutatta a legmagasabb értékeket. Az említett két genotípusra történő szelekció segítségével jelentős gazdasági haszon érhető el, ami ?reményeink szerint- nagy segítséget jelenthet a jövőben a hazai szarvasmarha-tenyésztők számára. | Recent studies demonstrated that marbling of meat in cattle differ significantly between different TG genotypes and similar association was observed between milk production traits and DGAT1 polymorphism. Objective of this project, supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, was to estimate the effect of TG locus on beef quality traits in some beef cattle breeds and to investigate the effect of DGAT1 locus on milk production traits in Hungarian Holstein Friesian herds. TG and DGAT1 genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) assay. At TG locus, TT bulls showed the highest fat percentage values of musculus (m.) longissimus dorsi and difference between CC and TT genotypes was significant. DGAT1 GC/GC cows had the highest milk, fat and protein yield values. In the near future, use of TG and DGAT1 polymorphisms may represent a considerable selection tool for breeders in achieving adequate breeding and milk processing objectives

Shared Pastures and Anthelmintic Resistance in Wildlife and Livestock

Parasitic diseases are an important threat to grazing livestock. Until recently, the most accepted control methods were regular, herd-level deworming regimen and grazing on “clean” or “safe” pasture. Presence of wild ruminants on pastures was considered as the main risk of parasitic infection. In the last decades, the failure of these conventional attitude was suspected. This study was carried out in Hungary, where springtime, whole-herd deworming is still in practice. Our hypotheses were that the above-mentioned strategy led to high prevalence of anthelmintic resistance; on the other hand, wildlife could not contribute to deleterious parasitosis of livestock. For this, we accomplished an investigation in the close surroundings of typical sheep herds. The aims were to determine the species structure and anthelminthic resistance in the parasite community of the sheep herds and the adjacent roe deer population. As a result, we found that in the roe deer (N=53), a more diverse parasite community exists and the most devastating worm species, Haemonchus contortus plays a less important role in it; than in the sheep (N=40). Prevalence of benzimidazole resistance in H. contortus was 17.1% and 68.6% in the roe deer and sheep, respectively. Our findings suggest that routine deworming cannot succeed; while presence of roe deer is rather useful, as its parasites attenuate the simplistic, anthelmintic resistant pasture community

Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of Angus herds in Hungary and analyses of their production traits

Objective This study aims to investigate the genetic structure and characteristics of the Angus cattle population in Hungary. The survey was performed with the assistance of the Hungarian Hereford, Angus, Galloway Association (HHAGA). Methods Genetic parameters of 1,369 animals from 16 Angus herds were analyzed using the genotyping results of 12 microsatellite markers with the aid of PowerMarker, Genalex, GDA-NT2021, and STRUCTURE software. Genotyping of DNA was performed using an automated genetic analyzer. Based on pairwise identity by state values of animals, the Python networkx 2.3 library was used for network analysis of the breed and to identify the central animals. Results The observed numbers of alleles on the 12 loci under investigation ranged from 11 to 18. The average effective number of alleles was 3.201. The overall expected heterozygosity was 0.659 and the observed heterozygosity was 0.710. Four groups were detected among the 16 Angus herds. The breeders’ information validated the grouping results and facilitated the comparison of birth weight, age at first calving, number of calves born and productive lifespan data between the four groups, revealing significant differences. We identified the central animals/herd of the Angus population in Hungary. The match of our group descriptions with the phenotypic data provided by the breeders further underscores the value of cooperation between breeders and researchers. Conclusion The observation that significant differences in the measured traits occurred among the identified groups paves the way to further enhancement of breeding efficiency. Our findings have the potential to aid the development of new breeding strategies and help breeders keep the Angus populations in Hungary under genetic supervision. Based on our results the efficient use of an upcoming genomic selection can, in some cases, significantly improve birth weight, age at first calving, number of calves born and the productive lifespan of animals

A növekedési hormon genotípus (AluI polimorfizmus) hatása egyes metabolikus és hormonális jellemzők ellés utáni alakulására, valamint az első ovuláció időpontjára holstein fríz tehenekben = The influence of STH genotype (AluI polymorphism) on certain metabolic and endocrine characteristics, and the day of first ovulation in postpartum Holstein Friesin cows

Az STH genotípusnak (AluI-polimorfizmus) az ellés után fellépő energiahiányos állapot dekompenzálódásával (ketózis) és a szaporodási mutatók alakulásával mutatott összefüggéseit vizsgálták tejhasznosítású (holstein fríz) tehenekben, illetve üszőkben. Megállapításaik: (1) Az egyes genotípusok eloszlása: LL kb. 80-85 %, LV kb. 10-15 %, VV legfeljebb 2-3 %. (2) Nem volt kimutatható jelentősebb közvetlen befolyása az ellés előtti napokban biztosított különböző energiaszintű takarmányozásra adott metabolikus és endokrin válaszra, a hasnyál-mirigy inzulin termelésére, a plazma NEFA, BHB, inzulin és IGF-I ellés utáni plazma-koncentrációjára, továbbá a tejtermelés nagyságára. (3) Nagyszámú állaton vizsgálva kimutatható az STH polimorfizmus összefüggése az elléstől az első ovulációig eltelő időtartam hosszával, és/vagy az ellés utáni első 30 napon bekövetkező kondíciópont-csökkenés mértékével. (4) Munkánk során ? a V hordozók alacsony számaránya miatt ? szándékaink ellenére nem sikerült ugyan megnyugtató számú adat birtokába jutnunk, valószínű azonban, hogy az STH genotípusnak nincs közvetlen hatás a luteinizációnak a posztovulációs P4-szintemelkedés ütemében megnyilvánuló intenzitására sem. Az STH polimorfizmus és az állat metbolikus, továbbá szaporodási jellemzőinek tisztázásához azonban még további vizsgálatok szükségesek. | The interrelations of STH (Alu-I) genotype with decompensation of postpartum negative energy balance (hyperketonaemia, ketolactia kenonuria) as well as with reproduction were studied in dairy cows (Exp. 1-4) and heifers (Exp. 5). The main observations: (1) The incidence of various genotypes in the studied herds: LL: about 80-85 %, LV: about 10-15 %, VV: max. 2-3 %. (2) The STH genotype did not have direct influence on the endocrine and metabolic response on different levels of energy supply in the pre-calving period, the pancreatic insulin production, the plasma levels of NEFA, BHB, insulin and IGF-I in the postpartum period, furthermore on the milk production. (3) Hen it was studied in large number of animals, there were interrelations between the STH genotype, the degree of body condition loss and the duration of postpartum acyclicity / time of the first postpartum ovulation. (4) Although in this trial ? due to the low rate of valin carriers (LV+VV genotypes) ? we could not get clear improvement, but it is almost sure that the STH genotype do not have any direct effects on the luteinisation, represented by the post-ovulatory rise of plasma progesterone levels. However, also further studies are required for the clarification of physiological details in interrelationships of STH genotypes, metabolism and reproduction