An Arctic-Tibetan Connection on Subseasonal to Seasonal Time Scale

Recent research indicates the great potentials of springtime land surface temperature (LST) as a new source of predictability to improve the subseasonal to seasonal climate prediction. In this study, we explore the initial cause of the springtime large-scale LST in Tibetan Plateau (TP) and disentangle its close connection with the February wave activities from the Arctic region. Our Maximum Covariance Analysis show that the spring LST in TP is significantly coupled with the regional snow cover in the preceding months. The latter is further strongly coupled with the February atmospheric circulation and wave activities in mid-to-high latitudes. When the atmospheric circulation is in a combined pattern of Arctic Oscillation and West Pacific teleconnection pattern, wave trains from the Arctic can propagate and reach the TP through northern and southern pathways. This brings dynamical and moisture conditions for the TP snowfall and builds a bridge for Arctic-Tibetan connection

When Wealth Affects People's Impatience

Zou [1994] has proved that the spirit of capitalism will cause endogenous growth using the AK model. We find that this conclusion needs to be reexamined under our endogenous time preference model. Contrastingly different patterns of growth will obtain under our framework.

Zou v. Atty Gen USA

USDC for the District of New Jerse

Why T_c is too high when antiferromagnetism is underestimated? --- An understanding based on the phase string effect

It is natural for a Mott antiferromagnetism in RVB description to become a superconductor in doped metallic regime. But the issue of superconducting transition temperature is highly nontrivial, as the AF fluctuations in the form of RVB pair-breaking are crucial in determining the phase coherence of the superconductivity. Underestimated AF fluctuations in a fermionic RVB state are the essential reason causing an overestimate of T_c in the same system. We point out that by starting with a {\it bosonic} RVB description where both the long-range and short-range AF correlations can be accurately described, the AF fluctuations can effectively reduce T_c to a reasonable value through the phase string effect, by controlling the phase coherence of the superconducting order parameter.Comment: Latex; two figure

The Internet Based Electronic Voting Enabling Open and Fair Election

Voting is the pillar of modern democracies. However, examination of current voting systems (including E-voting techniques) shows a gap between casting secret ballots and tallying and verifying individual votes. This gap is caused by either disconnection between the vote-casting process and the vote-tallying process, or opaque transition (e.g. due to encryption) from vote- casting to vote-tallying and thus, damages voter assurance, i.e. failing to answer the question: “Will your vote count?” We proposed a groundbreaking E-voting protocol that fills this gap and provides a fully transparent election. In this new voting system, this transition is seamless, viewable, and verifiable. As a result, the above question can be answered assuredly: “Yes, my vote counts!” The new E-voting protocol is fundamentally different from all existing voting/E-voting protocols in terms of both concepts and the underlying mechanisms. It consists of three innovative Technical Designs: TD1: universal verifiable voting vector; TD2: forward and backward mutual lock voting; and TD3: in-process verification and enforcement. The new technique is the first fully transparent E-voting protocol which fills the aforementioned gap. The trust is split equally among all tallying authorities who are of conflict-of-interest and will technologically restrain from each other. As a result, the new technique enables open and fair elections, even for minor or weak political parties. It is able to mitigate errors and risk and detect fraud and attacks including collusion, with convincingly high probability 1 − 2−(m−log(m))n (n: #voters and m ≥ 2:#candidates). It removes many existing requirements such as trusted central tallying authorities, tailored hardware or software, and complex cryptographic primitives. In summary, the new e- voting technique delivers voter assurance and can transform the present voting booth based voting and election practice. Besides voting and elections, the new technique can also be adapted to other applications such as student class evaluation, rating and reputation systems

Effects of hadronic loops on the direct CP violation of BcB_{c}

It is well known that the final state interaction plays an important role in the decays of $B$-meson. The contribution of the final state interaction which is supposed to be long-distance effects, to the concerned processes can interfere with that of the short-distance effects produced via the tree and/or loop diagrams at quark-gluon level. The interference may provide a source for the direct CP violation $\mathcal{A}_{CP}$ in the process $B_{c}^{+}\to D^{0}\pi^{+}$. We find that a typical value of $\mathcal{A}_{CP}$ when the final state interaction effect is taken into account can be about -22% which is different from that without the final state interaction effect. Therefore, when we extract information on CP violation from the data which will be available at LHCb and the new experiments in $B$-factories, the contribution from the final state interaction must be included. This study may be crucial for searching new physics in the future.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. More discussion adde

Chang Zou v. Atty Gen USA

Agenc

Rates for the reactions antiproton-proton --> pi phi and gamma phi

We study antiproton-proton annihilation at rest into $\pi\phi$ and $\gamma\phi$. Rescattering by $\overline{K^*}K+K^*\overline{K}$ and $\rho^{+}\rho^{-}$ for $\overline{p}p\rightarrow\pi\phi$ states is sizable, of order $(0.90\, {\rm to}\,2.6)\times 10^{-4}$ in the branching ratio, but smaller than experiment. For $\overline{p}p\rightarrow\gamma\phi$ the rescattering contributions are negligible, but the $\gamma\phi$ channel is well explained by a $\rho\phi$ intermediate state combined with vector meson dominance.Comment: 12 pages, plain latex, 2 postscript figures available upon request, PSI-PR-93-2

Delivery of Goods by the Carrier under the Contract of Carriage by Sea; a focus on China

De aflevering van de goederen aan de ontvanger is een van de belangrijkste verplichtingen van de vervoerder onder het contract voor het vervoer van goederen over zee. Toch krijgt dit onderwerp zowel in vervoersrechtelijke verdragen alsook in veel nationaal recht weinig aandacht. Een van de gevolgen daarvan is dat veel procedures over het contract voor het vervoer van goederen over zee kwesties rond de aflevering van die goederen betreffen. Naar schatting is in China de aflevering goed voor driekwart van al deze procedures. Het kan daarbij gaan om de vervoerdersaansprakelijkheid voor de aflevering zonder dat een cognossement gepresenteerd is door de ontvanger, de relatie tussen de aflevering en het einde van de periode gedurende welke de vervoerder verantwoordelijk is voor de goederen, de aflevering onder een cognossement op naam, het vorderingsrecht van de geadresseerde, het probleem van de niet-afleverbare goederen, enzovoort. Niet alleen het gebrek aan wetgeving over aflevering, maar ook de complexiteit van dit onderwerp en de relatie die er in de praktijk ligt met de verplichtingen onder het koopcontract betreffende de vervoerde goederen, alsmede goederenrechtelijke aspecten van de aflevering, leveren voor de praktijk verwarrende situaties op. Vandaar, dat juridisch onderzoek naar de aflevering nuttig en nodig is. De aandacht bij dit onderzoek ligt vooral op de situatie in China: de problemen dáár en de onvolkomenheden van het Chinese recht. Het onderzoek in dit proefschrift is gebaseerd op studie van internationale literatuur en op enige rechtsvergelijking. In de literatuur is geen enkel handboek dat uitsluitend de aflevering behandelt, maar door de toename van de praktische problemen met betrekking tot de aflevering zijn er wel recent artikelen verschenen over dit onderwerp. Ook de rechtspraak over de aflevering neemt toe, in China en elders. Verder is de basis van het proefschrift een praktijkonderzoek geweest bij Chinese scheepvaartmaatschappijen en scheepsagenten in Chinese havens, alsmede Chinese rechtbanken en onderzoeksinstellingen. Daarbij is opvallend, dat in universitaire studies die recent gedaan zijn in het kader van een herzieningsproces van de Chinese maritieme wetgeving, de aflevering niet als een belangrijk onderwerp wordt gezien. Het is de bedoeling van het proefschrift mede in die leemte te voorzien en aanbevelingen te doen voor herziening van het Chinese recht op het terrein van de aflevering