Non-invasive approach for assessing the functional condition of high-level sportsmen

Background. Non-invasive methods of express diagnostics using a hardware–software complex are of great value. The majority of such complexes are based on the analysis of heart rate variability and do not estimate functional and resource states of other systems, which are involved in the adaptation process. Aim. The goal of this study was to estimate the functional and resource state of main body systems under heavy loads of high-level sportsmen using the hardware–software complex ROFES. Methods. Twelve high-level athlete-swimmers were included in the study: six girls (13–25 years) and six young men (16–21 years). Medical and pedagogical control of the functional and resource condition of the athletes was carried out in two mesocycles (precompetitive and competitive) of one-year training and a competition stage. The common health level and the functional and resource state of body systems and organs were determined by the hardware–software complex ROFES on a five-point scale. Results. Indices of functional and resource states of organs and organ systems as well as common health level were conformed to the normal level (4–5 points). Statistically significant differences in functional and resource parameters for 12 organs and organ systems were detected. The functional state of the cardiovascular system, lungs, and liver made it possible to differentiate athletes who improved the result. In the group of athletes without improving the result in competitions, the functional state of the liver was estimated at 5 points (m/Me), and the resource state on average was 4.5 (m/Me), unlike the improved-result athletes with scores of 4.59/5 and 4.07/4.0, respectively. Conclusion. Indicators of the resource status of organs and systems can be used as criteria for monitoring and predicting changes of organ system conditions at the pre-nosological level. The same indicators can be considered as criteria of overwork and recovery of the athlete. They are especially important for diagnosing overtraining syndrome. © JPES

Quantum Regime of a Two-Dimensional Phonon Cavity

The quantum regime in acoustic systems is a focus of recent fundamental research in the new field of Quantum Acoustodynamics (QAD). Systems based on surface acoustic waves having an advantage of easy integration in two-dimensions are particularly promising for the demonstration of novel effects in QAD and development of novel devices of quantum acousto-electronics. We demonstrate the vacuum mode of the surface acoustic wave resonator by coupling it to a superconducting artificial atom. The artificial atom is implemented into the resonator formed by two Brag mirrors. The results are consistent with expectations supported by the system model and our calculations. This work opens the way to map analogues of quantum optical effects into acoustic systems

Self-similarity of rogue wave generation in gyrotrons: Beyond the Peregrine breather

Within the framework of numerical simulations, we study the gyrotron dynamics under conditions of a significant excess of the operating current over the starting value, when the generation of electromagnetic pulses with anomalously large amplitudes ("rogue waves") are realized. We demonstrate that the relation between peak power and duration of rogue waves is self-similar, but does not reproduce the one characteristic for Peregrine breathers. Remarkably, the discovered self-similar relation corresponds to the exponential nonlinearity of an equivalent Schr\"odinger-like evolution equation. This interpretation can be used as a theoretical basis for explaining the giant amplitudes of gyrotron rogue waves