37 research outputs found

    Avaliação de cultivares de soja, sob manejo orgânico, para fins de adubação verde e produção de grãos.

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    O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de seis cultivares de soja, sob manejo orgânico, para fins de adubação verde e produção de grãos. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições por tratamento (cultivar). Na época da colheita, 81 dias após a emergência das plântulas, todas as cultivares testadas (Celeste, Surubi, Campo Grande, Mandi, Lambari e Taquari) mostraram excelente nodulação, variando de 545 a 760 mg/planta de massa nodular seca. As cultivares Celeste e Taquari, que produziram, respectivamente, 8,33 e 7,12 t ha-1 de biomassa seca da parte aérea, apresentaram outras características agronômicas vantajosas, tais como: ciclo curto, alta acumulação de nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca e Mg) nos tecidos verdes e bom rendimento de sementes. Esses caracteres indicam potencial de 'Celeste' e 'Taquari' para adubação verde de verão em sistemas de agricultura orgânica. Cinco das cultivares avaliadas revelaram tendência ao acamamento, porém dentro de níveis aceitáveis. As cultivares Celeste, Surubi, Campo Grande, Mandi e Taquari suplantaram em 23%, 32%, 33%, 44% e 70%, respectivamente, a média nacional de produtividade de soja, estimada em 2.398 kg ha-1 nas últimas três safras

    Production of mango powder by spray drying and cast-tape drying

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    The production of mango powder by spray drying and cast-tape drying, with and without the addition of maltodextrin was investigated. Moisture, particle size distribution, bulk density, particle density, porosity, morphology, total carotenoids content, water sorption isotherms, glass transition temperature and color of mango powders from both drying processes were compared. Powders resulting from cast-tape drying had irregular structure, different from the spherical structures showed by powders produced by spray drying. Cast-tape drying process resulted in powders with bulk densities of 0.8 g cm− 3 (with maltodextrin) and 0.7 g cm− 3 (without maltodextrin), higher than the observed for analogous powders produced by spray drying (bulk densities of 0.45 and 0.5 g cm− 3). Also, porosity of powders from cast-tape drying (below 60%) was lower than that of powders produced by spray drying. Mango powders produced by spray drying without maltodextrin showed the highest carotenoid concentration (113 μm of carotenoid g− 1 of dry mass). The state diagrams show that mango powders produced by spray drying exhibit slightly lower stability than those produced by cast-tape drying. Cast-tape drying is a suitable procedure for the production of mango powders and allows producing powders from whole fruit pulp, without the addition of maltodextrin205447454CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP402481/2013-5; 304475/2013-0552185/2011-62009/54137-

    Production of mango powder by spray drying and cast-tape drying

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    CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOThe production of mango powder by spray drying and cast-tape drying, with and without the addition of malto-dextrin was investigated. Moisture, particle size distribution, bulk density, particle density, porosity, morphology, total carotenoids content, water sorption isotherms, glass transition temperature and color of mango powders from both drying processes were compared. Powders resulting from cast-tape drying had irregular structure, different from the spherical structures showed by powders produced by spray drying. Cast-tape drying process resulted in powders with bulk densities of 0.8 g cm(-3) (with maltodextrin) and 0.7 g cm(-3) (without maltodextrin), higher than the observed for analogous powders produced by spray drying (bulk densities of 0.45 and 0.5 g cm(-3)). Also, porosity of powders from cast-tape drying (below 60%) was lower than that of powders produced by spray drying. Mango powders produced by spray drying without maltodextrin showed the highest carotenoid concentration (113 mu m of carotenoid g(-1) of dry mass). The state diagrams show that mango powders produced by spray drying exhibit slightly lower stability than those produced by cast-tape drying. Cast-tape drying is a suitable procedure for the production of mango powders and allows producing powders from whole fruit pulp, without the addition of maltodextrin. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.The production of mango powder by spray drying and cast-tape drying, with and without the addition of malto-dextrin was investigated. Moisture, particle size distribution, bulk density, particle density, porosity, morphology, total carotenoids content, water sorption isotherms, glass transition temperature and color of mango powders from both drying processes were compared. Powders resulting from cast-tape drying had irregular structure, different from the spherical structures showed by powders produced by spray drying. Cast-tape drying process resulted in powders with bulk densities of 0.8 g cm(-3) (with maltodextrin) and 0.7 g cm(-3) (without maltodextrin), higher than the observed for analogous powders produced by spray drying (bulk densities of 0.45 and 0.5 g cm(-3)). Also, porosity of powders from cast-tape drying (below 60%) was lower than that of powders produced by spray drying. Mango powders produced by spray drying without maltodextrin showed the highest carotenoid concentration (113 mu m of carotenoid g(-1) of dry mass). The state diagrams show that mango powders produced by spray drying exhibit slightly lower stability than those produced by cast-tape drying. Cast-tape drying is a suitable procedure for the production of mango powders and allows producing powders from whole fruit pulp, without the addition of maltodextrin. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.305447454CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO552185/2011-6402481/2013-52009/54137-

    Balanço de N em rotação de culturas sob plantio direto em Dourados, MS.

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    Matéria seca e N total. Quantificação da FBN eficiência do uso de N fertilizante. Balanço de N para as culturas. Resultados e discussão. Quantificação da FBN para a cultura da soja. Eficiência da fertilização. Balança de N para as culturas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o impacto da fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN) na cultura da soja e a eficiência do uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados pelas culturas do milho e algodão sobre o balanço de N dos solo. O experimento foi realizando em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, na área experimental da Embrapa agropecuária oeste, em dourados, MS. Todas as culturas foram conduzidas em uma área onde se iniciou o plantio direto. No primeiro ano , as culturas do milho e algodão receberam 115kg N há-1 , parcelados em 25kg N há-1 na forma de uréia no plantio, e mais duas doses de cobertura de 45 kg N há-1, aos 26 e 48 dias após emergência das plantas (dae) . no segundo ano a cultura do milho recebeu 70 kg há-1 em cobertura, aos 29 dae. Por duas safras consecutivas avaliaram-se a contribuição da FBN para a cultura da soja, através da abundância natural de 15N, e a eficiência de uso do fertilizante nitrogenado (EUFN) pela cultura do milho, e em safra com a do algodão, utilizando-se fertilizante enriquecido com 15N. As avaliações incluíram também a produtividade e acumulação de N pela parte aérea das culturas. O balanço de N foi calculado como a diferença entre o total de N que entrou no sistema (fertilizantes e FBN ) menos a saída de N (produção colhidos e perdas). A contribuição da FBN para a cultura da soja, nos dois anos sob avaliação foi superior a 80% do N acumulado pelas plantas, o que garantiu elevados níveis de produtividade sem diminuir as reservas de N do solo. Nas condições do estudo, a EUFN para as culturas do milho e algodão foi próximo dos 20% no plantio, e aos 26 e 48 dae variou entre 50 e 60% para a cultura do milho, e em torno de 70% para a do algodão, apesar das doses de N mais elevadas na cobertura. No entanto, para os níveis de produtividade obtidos, as doses aplicadas não foram suficientes para compensar a saída de N, o que sugere a necessidade de que o manejo do sistema seja alterado para diminuir e/ou balançar as perdas de N. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of biological nitrogen fixation to soybean (BNF) and the nitrogen use efficiency of nitrogenous fertilizers to maize and cotton on the soil N balance. The experiment was carried out on a Oxisol (distrophic Haplorthox) at the experimental area of Embrapa western Agriculture located in dourados, MS state, Brazil. All cros were planted in an area under zerotillage for the first year, maize and cotton crops were fertilized with 115 kg N há-1 split in 25 kg N há-1 at seeding as urea, and dressing rates of 45 kg N há-1 at 26 and 48 days after emergence (dae). In the second year, the maize crop received only 70 kg N há-1 as dressing fertilization at 29 dae. For two consecutive harvests the BNF contribution was evaluated to soybean by the use of natural 15N abundance technique, and the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency (NFUE) by the maize crop, and in one harvest for cotton, using 15N enriched fertilier. The evaluations also included yield and N accumulation by the shoot of the crops. The N balance was calculated by the difference o N inputs (fertilizer and BNF) and outputs (harves products and losses). Fertilizer-N losses estimates took into consideration that 25% of applied N was held in the soil, based on literature data and the avaluations performed in the second year with the maize crop. For two years, the BNF contribution to soybean was over 80% which guaranteed high yields wiithout reduction of soil N reserves. Under the study condition, the NFUE for maize and cotton was close to 20% for the seeding rate. For the dressing applications at 26 and 48dae NFUE varied between 50 and 60% for maize and around 70% for cotton, despite of the highest N at dressing fertilization. However, at the present yields the N rates were not enough for compensating outputs unless the system management being altered to reduce N losses.bitstream/CNPAB-2010/32544/1/bot007.pd

    Calibração do medidor de clorofila Minolta SPAD-502 para avaliação do conteúdo de nitrogênio do milho Calibration of a Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter for evaluation of the nitrogen nutrition of maize

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    O objetivo deste trabalho foi calibrar o medidor de clorofila Minolta SPAD-502 para avaliação da nutrição nitrogenada das plantas de milho, baseando-se na prévia comparação das leituras de clorofila com os teores obtidos pelos extratores N,N-dimetilformamida (DMF) e acetona 80%. No campo, foram avaliados os teores de clorofila em folhas de milho cultivado sob plantio direto após a cultura de aveia-preta e após a de tremoço-branco, por duas safras consecutivas. A extração da clorofila com a solução DMF, por 72 horas, foi a mais indicada para a calibração do medidor de clorofila SPAD502 na cultura do milho. O ajuste do modelo linear expressou melhor a relação entre o conteúdo de clorofila e as leituras do SPAD na cultura do milho, e seu uso produziu resultados coerentes com o estado nutricional da cultura.<br>The subject of this study was the calibration of a Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter for evaluation of the N nutrition of maize, firstly comparing the chlorophyll readings to the contents obtained from either 80% acetone or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) chlorophyll extrators. The chlorophyll of the maize leaves cultivated under zerotillage after oat and lupin for two consecutive harvests was evaluated in a field experiment. The chlorophyll extraction after 72 hours in DMF solution, was the most suitable for the calibration of the SPAD502 chlorophyll meter for maize and its use was coherent with the nutritional status of the crop
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