323 research outputs found

    Étude des genres Actinotaenium (NĂ€g.) Teiling et Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs,/i> (Desmidiaceae/Chlorophyta) dans les mares temporaires des rĂ©gions du Centre, de l’Est et du Nord du Burkina Faso

    Get PDF
    De nombreux travaux de systématique des micro-algues faits auparavant, ont concerné les genres Actinotaenium et Cosmarium dans certaines régions d’Afrique, particulièrement en Afrique centrale et de l’ouest. Au Burkina Faso, les travaux précédents sur la systématique des micro-algues ont généralement concerné l’ensemble des genres de chlorophyta prenant en compte les genres Cosmarium et Actinotaenium. Cependant, il n’y a pas encore eu d’études sur les micro-algues de mares temporaires. Une observation d’échantillons de phytoplancton récoltés dans des mares du centre, de l’est (zone soudanienne) et nord (zone sahélienne) du Burkina Faso en période hivernale de 2007, 2008 et 2009 a permis de rencontrer 39 espèces des genres Actinotaenium et Cosmarium dont 23 nouvelles pour le Burkina Faso. La description des taxons donnée permet de compléter la connaissance de la microflore dulçaquicole de l’Afrique de l’Ouest en général et du Burkina Faso en particulier. Les espèces nouvelles s’ajoutent à environ 67 taxons de Cosmarium et 641 de tous les genres confondus et qui avaient été déjà répertoriés au Burkina Faso avant ce travail. Parmi les espèces, les formes cosmopolites sont dominantes. Elles se rencontrent dans des étangs caractérisés par des eaux acides, alcalines et oligotrophes

    Nouveaux taxa de micro-algues dulçaquicoles pour le Burkina Faso (Afrique de l\'Ouest): I- Chlorophyta

    Get PDF
    L\'Ă©tude taxonimique des micro-algues Ă©chantillonnĂ©es dans le rĂ©servoir de BagrĂ© (Burkina Faso, Afrique de l\'Ouest), a permis d\'inventorier et de dĂ©crire 70 nouveaux taxa (Chlorophyta), qui se rĂ©partissent dans 11 familles, 29 genres. Parmi les familles, les Desmidiaceae sont les plus abondantes avec 44,3% puis viennent les Oocystaceae (15,7 %), les Scenedesmaceae en Ă©galitĂ© avec les Closteriaceae (11,4 %), les Dictyosphaeriaceae (4,3 %), les Chlorococcaceae qui sont en Ă©galitĂ© avec les Radiococcaceae et Volvocaceae (2,9 %) et enfin les Hydrodictyaceae, les Gloeocystaceae et les Phacotaceae avec chacune 1,4 %. Ces nouveaux taxa ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©s et dĂ©crits grĂące Ă  un microscope photonique. Avec 70 nouvelles espĂšces inventoriĂ©es pour le Burkina Faso, le rĂ©servoir de BagrĂ© peut ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ© comme un milieu favorable au dĂ©veloppement de certaines espĂšces de Chlorophyta. Keywords: Micro-algues, Chlorophyta, taxinomie, rĂ©servoir de BagrĂ©, Burkina Faso International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences Vol. 2 (4) 2008: pp. 508-52

    Multiple solutions of the quasirelativistic Choquard equation

    Get PDF
    We prove existence of multiple solutions to the quasirelativistic Choquard equation with a scalar potential

    Factors associated with antidiabetic medication non-adherence in patients with incident comorbid depression

    Get PDF
    Aim To identify factors associated with antidiabetic drug (AD) non-adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes and depression. Study Design and Settings We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study among new AD users with a diagnosis of depression following AD initiation. We used public health insurance data from Quebec. The dependent variable was non-adherence (i.e., < 90% of days covered by ≄ 1 AD) in the year after a depression diagnosis. Different sociodemographic, clinical and medication-related variables were assessed as potential factors of non-adherence to AD treatment. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Results We identified 3106 new users of ADs with a diagnosis of depression between 2000 and 2006. Of these individuals, 52% were considered non-adherent to their ADs. Baseline non-adherence, younger age, the addition of another AD to the initial treatment, < 4 drug claims, visits with several different physicians, high socioeconomic status, and a small number of diabetes complications were associated with AD non-adherence. Conclusions The factors identified in the present study may help clinicians recognize patients with type 2 diabetes and incident depression at increased risk for non-adherence. In these patients, close follow-up and targeted interventions could help improve adherence to AD treatment, improve glycemic control and reduce complications

    Epilepsy and traditional medicine in Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso).

    No full text
    OBJECTIVES: To contribute to a better knowledge of how epilepsy is perceived by traditional healers in Burkina Faso; what means they use to treat it, and how they think about modern treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Individual interviews with 65 traditional healers chosen at random from members of the Reelwende Association. RESULTS: All traditional practitioners were of male gender. Most of them were above 50 years of age, and 75% had more than 10 years' experience. Epilepsy was considered to be contagious by 44% of the traditional practitioners, and hereditary according to 40% of them. Roughly, 15% of the healers think that the problem is localized in the head of a person and 7.8% think that they have worms in their head. Thirty-one per cent of them diagnose epilepsy if there is a combination of 'convulsions, sudden fall, dribbling and amnesia'. Another 15% require a combination of 'convulsions, amnesia and dribbling', the remaining 54% make the diagnosis based on one symptom or various combinations of two symptoms of 'grand mal' (generalized tonic clonic) seizures and most claim they have a treatment for it. For a quarter of them, therapeutic-means include concoctions of herbs or roots, baths and infusions. During the fit, 31% of the traditional practitioners think that nothing should be performed. According to 75% of them, traditional and modern treatments are complementary. CONCLUSION: Notwithstanding important differences in culture and religions (Muslim, Christian and Original), there is great similarity between the knowledge and beliefs about epilepsy reported from other parts of Africa and those presented by our study-group, suggesting an ancient origin of the concepts. Further study is needed to find out how other facets of epilepsy (e.g. complex partial seizures, absences) are perceived and how these are being treated. Ways need to be found to raise awareness about epilepsy without interfering with religious and cultural beliefs

    Evidence of heterosis in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) landraces from Burkina Faso

    Get PDF
    In our study, 24 hybrids obtained by diallel cross between ecotypes of okra were subjected to analysis of their combining ability effects and hybrid vigor for different important traits for producers and consumers. Parents and hybrids differed significantly for gca effect. UAE 3 and UAE 20 were found to be the best general combiners for 50% day of flowering and number of fruits per plant. While UAE 25, UAE 3 and UAE 5 were best for seeds weight per fruit and yield per plant; between tester lines, UAE 19 shown good gca effect of number of seeds per fruit and fruit yield per plant, when UAE 22 is good for number of seeds per fruit. The most heterotic combinations for number of fruits per plant were those including UAE 22 in their combination.The same hybrids have shown medium heterobeltiosis effect for fruit  length and in some of them (H22-20 and H22-5) was observed highest heterobeltiosis of yield per plant, varied from 59.90 to 77.57 respectively. The highest depression (non heterobeltiosis) was observed in hybrids with combination including H19 for number of seeds per fruit. Overall, the results discussed above indicated the fact that okra hybrid with UAE 22 hasgreat potentialities of maximizing fruit yield while hybrid H3-19 and H22-3 have the smallest days of flowering. Similarly, the heterosis effect  appeared in F1 in these hybrids with UAE22 as a mother form keeps up to the third generation. Key words: hybrid vigor, combining ability, okra, Burkina Faso

    Etat des lieux de la reproduction sexuĂ©e des ignames africaines Dioscorea cayenensis – Dioscorea rotundata cultivĂ©es au BĂ©nin

    Get PDF
    Les ignames sont d’importantes plantes alimentaires Ă  multiplication vĂ©gĂ©tative dont l’amĂ©lioration et la crĂ©ation variĂ©tale dĂ©pendent, comme chez les vĂ©gĂ©taux, de la maĂźtrise de la biologie de la reproduction sexuĂ©e. L’état des lieux des cultivars florifĂšres des ignames africaines Dioscorea cayenensis – D. rotundata a Ă©té  rĂ©alisĂ© Ă  Djidja et Ă  OuakĂ©, deux communes productrices du BĂ©nin par une approche participative, Ă  travers des focus-groups, des enquĂȘtes individuelles et des visites de champs. Ainsi, Ă  OuakĂ©, vingt quatre (24) cultivars ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©s, dont dix-neuf (19), soit 79% florifĂšres avec 74% de mĂąles, 21% de femelles et 5% sont monoĂŻques. Le taux de fructification est d’environ 15 fruits par pied. A Djidja, vingt-six (26) cultivars sont recensĂ©s dont vingt-trois (23), soit 88% florifĂšres avec 57% de femelle et 43% de mĂąle. Le taux de fructification Ă  Djidja est Ă©levĂ© 102 fruits par pied en moyenne. Le taux de floraison femelle et le taux de  fructification sont beaucoup plus importants Ă  Djidja qu’à OuakĂ©. Dans le but de l’amĂ©lioration et de la crĂ©ation variĂ©tale, le site de Djidja semble ĂȘtre plus propice Ă  l’utilisation de la reproduction sexuĂ©e chez les ignames cultivĂ©es que celui de OuakĂ©.Mots clĂ©s : Igname, floraison, fructification, Djidja, OuakĂ©

    Le kawal, un condiment a base de feuilles fermentees de senna obtusifolia: technologies et valeurs nutritionnelles

    Get PDF
    De nombreux aliments fermentĂ©s Ă  base de lĂ©gumes-feuilles sont consommĂ©s dans le monde, particuliĂšrement en Afrique et en Asie. Ces aliments trĂšs rĂ©pandus, reprĂ©sentent le rĂ©gime de base en plus de leurs matiĂšres premiĂšres disponibles et constituent une part importante dans l’alimentation des populations locales. Le kawal obtenu par fermentation naturelle et alcaline des feuilles de Senna obtusifolia encore appelĂ© Cassia obtusifolia, est un aliment trĂšs apprĂ©ciĂ© et largement consommĂ© par les populations au Tchad et au Soudan. Les feuilles de S. obtusifolia occupent une place importante dans le systĂšme alimentaire de nombreuses communautĂ©s en Afrique. Elles sont riches en acides aminĂ©s essentiels et peuvent ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ©es comme des produits d’intĂ©rĂȘt nutritionnel de par leur valeur protĂ©ique. Le kawal contient des quantitĂ©s apprĂ©ciables de protĂ©ines et est utilisĂ© comme substitut de viande et ou de poisson. Il est Ă©galement riche en hydrates de carbone et en sels minĂ©raux. La technologie de production du kawal reste traditionnelle avec des Ă©quipements rudimentaires et une fermentation incontrĂŽlĂ©e. Cependant, cette technique de fermentation bien que traditionnelle permet l’élimination des facteurs antinutritionnels contenus dans les feuilles. Elle contribue aussi Ă  l’amĂ©lioration de la valeur nutritionnelle et au dĂ©veloppement de composĂ©s aromatiques tout en permettant d’augmenter la biodisponibilitĂ© des minĂ©raux aboutissant ainsi Ă  un produit qui permet de rĂ©duire les problĂšmes de carences en minĂ©raux chez l’Homme. Les bactĂ©ries fermentaires du kawal, principalement celles des genres Bacillus et Lactobacillus du fait de leurs aptitudes probiotiques sont bĂ©nĂ©fiques pour la santĂ© humaine. La transformation de ce produit constitue un enjeu Ă©conomique important en raison des revenus gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s et contribue ainsi Ă  la valorisation des ressources vĂ©gĂ©tales et Ă  la sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire des populations. Les technologies de la transformation du kawal n’étant pas bien maitrisĂ©es et variant d’une rĂ©gion Ă  l’autre et ou d’une productrice Ă  une autre il est donc indispensable de faire une synthĂšse sur les technologies de sa transformation et sa valeur nutritionnelle en vue de son amĂ©lioration.Mots clĂ©s: Kawal, feuilles fermentĂ©es, Senna obtusifolia, technologies, valeursnutritionnelle

    Microbiological and kinetic detection of gram negative bacilli producing extended-spectrum- ÎČ-lactamases (esbl) in emergencies and reanimation units of university hospital center, Yalgadoouedraogo, Burkina Faso

    Get PDF
    Background: Epidemiology of extended-Spectrum- ÎČ-lactamases has become worldwide, and our aim was to establish the prevalence of isolates producer in university hospital center Yalgado OUEDRAOGO particularly in reanimation and emergencies units.Material and methods: Prospective study was drive during July 2009 to march 2012 in order to collect strains resisting to third generation of cephalosporin during diagnosis analysis of biological specimens. Susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial agents was evaluated by disc diffusion method. Production of extended-spectrum ÎČ-lactamases has been investigated by double disc diffusion and kinetic methods.Results: 259 isolates which resisted at least to one of third generation of cephalosporins were collected. Among them 188 (72, 58 %) were positive to synergy test by a double disc diffusion method. The MICs of ceftriaxone determined by E-test were under than 50kg/ml, 100kg/ml et 256kg/ml for respect 81,57°/° ; 55,26°/° et 39,74°/° of isolates. Hydrolyze of ÎČ-lactam ring by bacterial extract followed at spectrophotometer showed speeds running at 0 to 0,090UAb.mn-1 for both isolates. Extract of 171 bacterial strains positives to synergy test had hydrolyzed at least one of oxy-iminocephalosporins and were identified as producing extended- spectrum ÎČ-lactamases. Spices reported by this study were 99 Escherichia coli (57,89%) ; 28 Klebsisella pneumonia (16,37%) ; 15 Enterobactersp (8,77%) ; 19 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11,11%) ; 4 Citrobactersp (2,33%) 2 Acinetobactersp (1,16%), 3 Proteus mirabilis (1,75%) and 1 Salmonella typhi (0,05%).Conclusion: This study showed that bacterial resistances by extended- spectrum ÎČ-lactamases are a reality in University Hospital center YalgadoOuedraogo. It calls about antibiotics prescription and hospital hygiene in order to reduce emergence and propagation of new resisting bacterial.Keywords: microbial and kinetic analysis, Gram negative bacilli, extended-Spectrum- ÎČ-lactamase, emergencies, reanimatio
    • 

    corecore