Impact of Convective Parameterizations on Atmospheric Mesoscale Kinetic Energy Spectra in Global High‐Resolution Simulations

Abstract The responses of atmospheric kinetic energy (KE) spectra to three convective parameterizations (CPs) in global high‐resolution simulations are revealed. The results show that the KE spectra exhibit high sensitivity to the CPs, mainly at mesoscales in the middle and upper troposphere. The New Tiedtke scheme produces the steepest mesoscale slope, followed by the Kain‐Fritsch scheme and then the Grell‐Freitas scheme. In general, there is a compensating relationship between latent heat released by the CP and microphysics parameterization (MP). The less latent heat released by the CP is compensated by the more latent heat released by the MP. The shallowest mesoscale spectra for the Grell‐Freitas scheme are related to the strongest downscale cascade dominated by the rotational component of the flow, and this is attributed to more latent heat released from MP enhancing the intensity of vorticity in the troposphere and producing more gravity wave activities in the lower stratosphere

Simulation Study of Low-Velocity Impact on Polyvinyl Butyral Laminated Glass Based on the Combined TCK-JH2 Model

In this paper, both experimental tests and numerical simulations of Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) laminated glass pane under low-speed impact were carried out. In order to accurately predict the responses of annealed glass under low-speed impact, a constitutive model combined of the Taylor–Chen–Kuszmaul (TCK) model and the Johnson-Holmquist Ceramic (JH2) model is proposed. In order to describe the tensile damage characteristic of annealed glass, a rate-dependent TCK model is employed. The JH2 model is adopted when the glass material is under compression. The velocity and force of impactor, deflection of central point of glass pane, and the cracking pattern are studied to verify the combined TCK-JH2 model. Furthermore, the effects of the thickness of glass layer and PVB interlayer are investigated

A Nanostructure with Dual-Band Plasmonic Resonance and Its Sensing Application

A nanostructure plays a crucial role in surface plasmon resonance applications. In this paper, a new nanostructure with strong dual-band surface plasmonic resonance is proposed. The nanostructure resonant behavior in terms of wavelength position, magnitude and bandwidth was developed, and its ability to detect refraction indices, particularly for solution concentration determination, is theoretically studied by using the integration commercial code CST Studio Suite. A high enhancement factor 232 times that of common dipoles and dual bands (wavelengths = 778 and 1118 nm) are achieved from the structure. The dependence of resonance on the environmental index with different increments and detection effects on three solutions are further investigated. The results demonstrate that the resonant wavelength linearly increase with increased index, and resonant peak decrease. Meanwhile, the bandwidth of the resonance spectrum is broadened by the growth of index. The sensitivity is more than 950 nm/RIU and the resolution is about 10-3 refractive index units (RIU) when we detect the environmental index by the resonant wavelength. However, the sensitivity is about 231307 (V/m)/RIU by using the resonant peak for detection. This study may be useful in the fields of biosensors, solar batteries, microstructure devices, and measurements

Current trends in tai chi for stroke rehabilitation

Background There are an increasing number of studies focusing on the effect of tai chi for different diseases. As a special form of physical activity, tai chi may be beneficial for the rehabilitation of stroke, a leading cause of disability worldwide. Objective This review summarizes the existing literature on the potential benefits of tai chi for stroke rehabilitation and offers recommendations for future research. Methods Studies on the biomechanics and physiology of tai chi for stroke rehabilitation are reviewed. Research on tai chi for stroke rehabilitation and related diseases are summarized. Finally, the shortcomings of existing studies and recommendations for future studies are discussed. Conclusions Tai chi appears to be beneficial for stroke rehabilitation. But reporting quality of existing studies are sub-optimal. Future trials should define tai chi style, apply rigorous methodology to sample size calculation, randomization, recruiting criteria, and outcome measures. To avoid inadequacies during the research and reporting processes, investigators may wish to follow CONSORT guidelines and refer to well-conducted clinical studies on tai chi

Tai Chi postural training for dyskinesia rehabilitation: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in convalescent ischaemic stroke patients

Introduction Acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is not only seriously damaging to the physical and mental health of patients, but also has become a major social public health problem. Effective dyskinesia rehabilitation treatment in convalescence is of great significance for AIS patients’ prognosis and quality of life. Tai Chi (TC) shows great potential in improving motor function. This trial aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of modified TC postural training (TPT), and to explore the related central-peripheral neurotransmitter mechanisms.Methods/design The proposed study will be a multicentre randomised controlled trial. The trial will randomise 120 eligible AIS patients in a 1:1 ratio to receive TPT or Bobath rehabilitation training. Each training session will last 40 min and will be implemented once a day and five times per week (from Monday to Friday) in a duration of 4 weeks. After finishing the 4-week treatment, another 3-month follow-up period will be seen. Root mean square generated from the surface electromyogram (sEMG) will be the primary outcome. Other sEMG time-domain parameters and frequency-domain parameters and clinical scales assessment will be the secondary outcomes. Peripheral blood samples will be collected at baseline and at the end of 4-week treatment, which will be used to explore the related therapeutic mechanisms. Intention-to-treat analysis and per-protocol analysis will both be implemented in this trial.Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by Ethics Committee of Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, being granted approval numbers DZMEC-KY-2020–22. The research results will be disseminated through (open access) peer-reviewed publications and presentations at conferences.Trial registration number ChiCTR2000032999

Interface analysis between inconel 625 and cobalt-chromium alloy fabricated by powder bed fusion using pulsed wave laser

A few components used in the aerospace and petrochemical industries serve in corrosive environments at high temperatures. Corrosion-resistant metals or unique processes, such as coating and fusion welding, are required to improve the performance of the parts. We have used laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology to deposit a 5 mm thick corrosion-resistant CoCrMo layer on a high-strength IN625 substrate to improve the corrosion resistance of the core parts of a valve. This study found that when the laser volumetric energy density (EV) ≤ 20, the tensile strength increases linearly with the increase in EV, and the slope of the curve is approximately 85°. The larger the slope, the greater the impact of EV on the intensity. When EV > 20, the sample strength reaches the maximum tensile strength. When the EV increases from 0 to 20, the fracture position of the sample shifts from CoCrMo to IN625. When EV ≤ 38, the strain increases linearly with the increase in EV, and the slope of the curve is approximately 67.5°. The sample strain rate reaches the maximum when EV > 38. Therefore, for an optimal sample strength and strain, EV should be greater than 38. This study provides theoretical and technical support for the manufacturing of corrosion-resistant dissimilar metal parts using LPBF technology.Nanyang Technological UniversityPublished versionThis research was funded by Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP) [001163-00010]; State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems (HIT) [SKLRS-2023-KF-24]; State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics [SITP-NLIST-YB-2023-16]; National Key Research and Development Program of China [2022YFB460001602]; and International Scientific and Technological Cooperation project [GUIQ0700500523]

Tai Chi for stroke rehabilitation : protocol for a systematic review

Introduction: Stroke is a major cause of death and disability, and imposes a huge burden and significant workload for patients, their families and society. As a special form of physical activity, Tai Chi is may be useful for stroke rehabilitation. The objective of this review is to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tai Chi for rehabilitation in stroke patients. Methods and analysis: We will conduct a systematic search of the following electronic databases from their inception to 31 October 2015: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), Wanfang and the Chinese Dissertation Database. All relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in English and Chinese will be included. The main outcomes will be changes in the neurological function of patients and in independence in activities of daily living. Adverse events, adherence, costs and the cost effectiveness of Tai Chi will also be assessed. Two independent reviewers will select studies, extract data and assess quality. Review Manager 5.3 will be used for assessment of risk of bias, data synthesis and subgroup analysis. Ethics and dissemination: This systematic review does not require formal ethical approval because all data will be analysed anonymously. Results will provide a general overview and evidence concerning the efficacy and safety of Tai Chi for stroke rehabilitation. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications

Fracture characteristics and logging identification of lacustrine limestone-shale reservoirs in Da′anzhai Member, Gongshanmiao Oilfield, Sichuan Basin

Lacustrine limestone and shale reservoirs are both developed in the Da′anzhai Member of Gongshanmiao Oilfield, Sichuan Basin. Whether fractures are developed or not is the key to the reservoirs in the Da'anzhai Member. Based on core observations, CT scanning and scanning electron microscopy, the characteristics of fractures in limestone and shale were analyzed, the influences of sedimentary facies, mineral content, TOC and faults on fractures were analyzed, and identification plots of fractures in lacustrine limestone and shale were established. The results show that lacustrine limestone is mainly developed with structural fractures and interlayer fractures, while lacustrine shale is mainly developed with interlayer fractures, which are mainly horizontal and low-angle fractures. In the lacustrine limestone, the fractures are mainly developed in the thick limestone, thick limestone with asingle thin shale band and thick limestone with multiple thin shale bands in the Dasan Member and Dayi Member. In lacustrine shale, fractures are mainly developed in the interbeddedthin shale and thin limestone in theDaer-a Member. The ΔGR~ΔlogRT cross plot was preferred for lacustrine limestone fracture identification. Fractures in lacustrine shale were identified by the phenomena of increasing acoustic values and "negative difference" in dual lateral logging. The results can provide ideas and references for fracture evaluation of lacustrine limestone and shale

Genetic relationship of microstructure and mechanical properties between ferrite/pearlite steel plate and billet

This paper proposed the double-pass compression thermal/force simulation experiment to in situ analyze the phase transformation of continuous casting billet during the controlled rolling and controlled cooling process. The genetic relationship between the central segregation of the billet and solute element distribution of the steel plate, and also the genetic relationship of microstructure and mechanical properties between them were experimentally studied. The results show that the microstructure and mechanical properties between the billet and corresponding batch of steel plate have the genetic relationship, and the link of the relationship is central segregation. The phase transformation of supercooling austenite will be affected by the central segregation of Mn and C elements, and the granular bainite abnormal segregation band is the transformation product of Mn and C element segregation region