Multistep, sequential control of the trafficking and function of the multiple sulfatase deficiency gene product, SUMF1 by PDI, ERGIC-53 and ERp44.

Sulfatase modifying factor 1 (SUMF1) encodes for the formylglicine generating enzyme, which activates sulfatases by modifying a key cysteine residue within their catalytic domains. SUMF1 is mutated in patients affected by multiple sulfatase deficiency, a rare recessive disorder in which all sulfatase activities are impaired. Despite the absence of canonical retention/retrieval signals, SUMF1 is largely retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it exerts its enzymatic activity on nascent sulfatases. Part of SUMF1 is secreted and paracrinally taken up by distant cells. Here we show that SUMF1 interacts with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and ERp44, two thioredoxin family members residing in the early secretory pathway, and with ERGIC-53, a lectin that shuttles between the ER and the Golgi. Functional assays reveal that these interactions are crucial for controlling SUMF1 traffic and function. PDI couples SUMF1 retention and activation in the ER. ERGIC-53 and ERp44 act downstream, favoring SUMF1 export from and retrieval to the ER, respectively. Silencing ERGIC-53 causes proteasomal degradation of SUMF1, while down-regulating ERp44 promotes its secretion. When over-expressed, each of three interactors favors intracellular accumulation. Our results reveal a multistep control of SUMF1 trafficking, with sequential interactions dynamically determining ER localization, activity and secretion

Cellular and molecular bases of biomineralization in sea urchin embryos

Sea urchin embryos construct their skeleton following a precise gene-regulated time- and space-dependent programme, in concert with factors promoting cell adhesion and differentiation. The biomineral is deposited in a privileged extracellular space produced by the fused filopodia processes of the primary mesenchyme cells, the only cells producing a set of necessary matrix proteins. More than ten years ago we showed for the first time that signals from ectoderm cells promoted the expression of one of the major skeleton matrix genes by the primary mesenchyme cells. Since then, many of the crucial steps of this complex activation cascade, from ectoderm cells to embryonic spicules, have been elucidated. The experimental production of skeleton malformations, induced by the exposure to toxic metals or ionizing radiations, served as model to dissect the molecular mechanisms leading to biomineralization. With the aim of understanding the sea urchin skeleton physiology, we analysed the expression of well-known and newly-identified biomineral-related genes, including those coding for growth and transcription factors as well as for skeleton matrix proteins. This review summarizes our recent findings on sea urchin embryo skeletogenesis, with a particular attention to the role played by cellular and molecular signaling, approached by the use of experimentally induced skeleton malformations

Rupture of a left sinus of Valsalva aneurysm into the pulmonary artery

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BRSGO 7460RR: cultivar de soja transgênica.

bitstream/item/57492/1/BRSGO7460RR.pdf1 folder

Lanthanide Identity Governs Guest-Induced Dimerization in LnIII[15-MCCuIIN(L-pheHA)-5])3+ Metallacrowns

Series of lanthanide-containing metallic coordination complexes are frequently presented as structurally analogous, due to the similar chemical and coordinative properties of the lanthanides. In the case of chiral (LnIII[15-MC (Formula presented.) N(L-pheHA)-5])3+ metallacrowns (MCs), which are well established supramolecular hosts, the formation of dimers templated by a dicarboxylate guest (muconate) in solution of neutral pH is herein shown to have a unique dependence on the identity of the MC's central lanthanide. Calorimetric data and nuclear magnetic resonance diffusion studies demonstrate that MCs containing larger or smaller lanthanides as the central metal only form monomeric host-guest complexes whereas analogues with intermediate lanthanides (for example, Eu, Gd, Dy) participate in formation of dimeric host-guest-host compartments. The driving force for the dimerization event across the series is thought to be a competition between formation of highly stable MCs (larger lanthanides) and optimally linked bridging guests (smaller lanthanides)

Cultivares de soja: macrorregiões 3, 4 e 5 Goiás e Região Central do Brasil.

Grupo de maturidade relativa. Indicação de cultivares por região edafoclimática. Mancha olho-de-rã. Cancro da haste. Oídio. Nematóides de galhas. Manejo de mofo-branco em soja. Soja Louca II. Peso médio de sementes. Cultivares de soja convencional. Cultivares de soja transgênica (RR).bitstream/item/76085/1/catalogo-SojaGO-2012-FINAL.pdfCatálogo 02/2012