A new inherited abnormality of human erythrocytes - elevated erythrocytic adenosine triphosphate

During a comparative study of the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the erythrocytes of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficient and normal subjects, a G-6-PD deficient Negro man who exhibited twice the normal level of ATP in his erythrocytes was observed (Brewer, June, 1964). His level of ATP was 6-7 standard deviations above the normal mean. The family of this individual has been studied and the results indicate that this abnormality of ATP metabolism is inherited. The study of the family, in addition to the results of a survey of the Negro population carried out while looking for other examples of the abnormality, form the basis of this report.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32048/1/0000091.pd

The Intentional Use of Service Recovery Strategies to Influence Consumer Emotion, Cognition and Behaviour

Service recovery strategies have been identified as a critical factor in the success of. service organizations. This study develops a conceptual frame work to investigate how specific service recovery strategies influence the emotional, cognitive and negative behavioural responses of . consumers., as well as how emotion and cognition influence negative behavior. Understanding the impact of specific service recovery strategies will allow service providers' to more deliberately and intentionally engage in strategies that result in positive organizational outcomes. This study was conducted using a 2 x 2 between-subjects quasi-experimental design. The results suggest that service recovery has a significant impact on emotion, cognition and negative behavior. Similarly, satisfaction, negative emotion and positive emotion all influence negative behavior but distributive justice has no effect

Postoperative Adverse Outcomes in Intellectually Disabled Surgical Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Study

Intellectually disabled patients have various comorbidities, but their risks of adverse surgical outcomes have not been examined. This study assesses pre-existing comorbidities, adjusted risks of postoperative major morbidities and mortality in intellectually disabled surgical patients.A nationwide population-based study was conducted in patients who underwent inpatient major surgery in Taiwan between 2004 and 2007. Four controls for each patient were randomly selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Preoperative major comorbidities, postoperative major complications and 30-day in-hospital mortality were compared between patients with and without intellectual disability. Use of medical services also was analyzed. Adjusted odds ratios using multivariate logistic regression analyses with 95% confidence intervals were applied to verify intellectual disability's impact.Controls were compared with 3983 surgical patients with intellectual disability. Risks for postoperative major complications were increased in patients with intellectual disability, including acute renal failure (odds ratio 3.81, 95% confidence interval 2.28 to 6.37), pneumonia (odds ratio 2.01, 1.61 to 2.49), postoperative bleeding (odds ratio 1.35, 1.09 to 1.68) and septicemia (odds ratio 2.43, 1.85 to 3.21) without significant differences in overall mortality. Disability severity was positively correlated with postoperative septicemia risk. Medical service use was also significantly higher in surgical patients with intellectual disability.Intellectual disability significantly increases the risk of overall major complications after major surgery. Our findings show a need for integrated and revised protocols for postoperative management to improve care for intellectually disabled surgical patients

Genetic and population studies of quantitative levels of adenosine triphosphate in human erythrocytes

The mean content of ATP in red cells of American Negroes is significantly less than the mean level in American Caucasians. This is compatible with the hypothesis that the quantitative level of ATP in red cells may be involved in selective processes related to falciparum malaria. There is no evidence of a sex effect on levels of ATP in either population. Family studies conducted in both populations indicate that the quantitative level of red cell ATP is at least partially inherited. Studies of a number of biochemical characteristics of red cells have been conducted in an effort to elucidate the mechanism of genetic and biochemical control of quantitative levels of erythrocytic ATP. These studies have been negative. Although other studies have demonstrated that thalassemia trait influences the level of red cell ATP, the presence of sickle cell trait or G-6-PD deficiency, the other two systems postulated to be involved in malaria protection, did not result in significant differences in mean red cell ATP content.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44114/1/10528_2004_Article_BF00487733.pd

Inheritance of quantitative expression of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the Negro—a twin study

Studies have been conducted on eight sets of monozygous and nine sets of dizygous female Negro twins, both members of whom were heterozygous for G-6-PD deficiency. Twins were studied both by assay of erythrocytic G-6-PD activity and by the methemoglobin elution test (MET). The MET is a procedure which identifies histochemically cells with appreciable G-6-PD activity and permits accurate determination of the percentage of such cells in heterozygotes. Monozygous twins showed significantly less “within-pair” variation than dizygous twins with both the MET and G-6-PD assay.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44115/1/10528_2004_Article_BF00487735.pd