Aerodynamic characteristics of several airfoils of low aspect ratio

This paper presents the results of wind-tunnel tests of several airfoils of low aspect ratio. The airfoils included three circular Clark Y airfoils with different amounts of dihedral, two Clark Y airfoils with slots in their portions, and three flat-plate airfoils. Lift, drag, and pitching-moment characteristics of the slotted airfoils with slots open and closed; pitching moment characteristics of one of the slotted airfoils with slots open and closed; and lift characteristics of the flat-plate airfoils are included. The results reveal a definite improvement of lift, drag, and pitching-moment characteristics with increase in dihedral of the circular Clark Y wing. Lift characteristics near the stall were found to depend markedly on the shape of the extreme tip but were not greatly affected by slots through the after portion of the airfoils. Changes in plan form of the flat-plate airfoils gave erroneous indications of the effect to be expected from changes in plan form of an airfoil of Clark Y section. The minimum drag characteristics of the circular Clark Y airfoils were found to be substantially the same as for a Clark Y airfoil of conventional aspect ratio

The Aerodynamic Forces and Moments on a Spinning Model of the F4B-2 Airplane as Measured by the Spinning Balance

The aerodynamic forces and moments on a 1/12-scale model of the F4B-2 airplane were measured with the spinning balance in nine spinning attitudes with three sets of tail surfaces, namely, F4B-2 surfaces; F4B-4 fin and rudder with rectangular stabilizer; and with all tail surfaces removed. In one of these attitudes measurements were made to determine the effect upon the forces and moments of independent and of simultaneous displacement of the rudder and elevator for two of the sets of tail surfaces. Additional measurements were made for a comparison of model and full-scale data for six attitudes that were determined from flight tests with various control settings. The characteristics were found to vary in the usual manner with angle of attack and sideslip. The F4B-2 surfaces were quite ineffective as a source of yawing moments. The F4B-4 fin and F4B-2 stabilizer gave a greater damping yawing moment when controls were against the spin than did the F4B-2 surfaces but otherwise there was little difference. Substitution of a rectangular stabilizer for the F4B-2 stabilizer made no appreciable difference in the coefficient. Further comparisons with other airplane types are necessary before final conclusions can be drawn as to the relations between model and full-scale spin measurements

An experimental investigation of high amplitude panel flutter

Aluminum panel flutter tests at supersonic Mach number

A method for predicting the panel flutter fatigue life of Saturn 5 panels

Development of method for predicting fatigue life of panels under flutter conditions with application to Saturn 5 launch vehicle structure

Gravity gradient attitude control system Patent

Gravity gradient attitude control system with gravity gradiometer and reaction wheels for artificial satellite attitude contro

Bank branching and portfolio diversification

Interstate banking ; Branch banks ; Agricultural credit ; Bank loans ; Bank investments

Location, branching, and bank portfolio diversification: the case of agricultural lending

Agricultural credit ; Branch banks ; Bank loans ; Econometric models

Effect of changes in tail arrangement upon the spinning of a low-wing monoplane model

A series of tests was made in the N.A.C.A. free spinning tunnel to find the effect upon spinning characteristics of systematic changes in tail arrangement. The tests were made with a 1/16-scale made of a low-wing monoplane of modern design. The changes consisted of: (1) variation of the fuselage length; (2) variation of the fore-and-aft location of the vertical surfaces; and (3) variation of the vertical location of the horizontal surfaces. The spinning characteristics of the model, including the number of turns required for recovery, were found to vary systematically and regularly with systematic changes in the tail arrangement. The following changes in tail arrangement had harmful effects upon the recovery characteristics (which originally were excellent): (1) shortening the fuselage; (2) placing the vertical surfaces directly above the horizontal surfaces as compared with locations either fore or aft of this position; (3) moving the horizontal surfaces downward from their original location at the top of the fuselage

Preliminary Tests in the NACA Free-Spinning Wind Tunnel

Typical models and the testing technique used in the NACA free-spinning wind tunnel are described in detail. The results of tests on two models afford a comparison between the spinning characteristics of scale models in the tunnel and of the airplanes that they represent