5 research outputs found

    Multiple independent transmission cycles of a tick-borne pathogen within a local host community

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    Many pathogens are maintained by multiple host species and involve multiple strains with potentially different phenotypic characteristics. Disentangling transmission patterns in such systems is often challenging, yet investigating how different host species contribute to transmission is crucial to properly assess and manage disease risk. We aim to reveal transmission cycles of bacteria within the Borrelia burgdorferi species complex, which include Lyme disease agents. We characterized Borrelia genotypes found in 488 infected Ixodes ricinus nymphs collected in the SĂ©nart Forest located near Paris (France). These genotypes were compared to those observed in three sympatric species of small mammals and network analyses reveal four independent transmission cycles. Statistical modelling shows that two cycles involving chipmunks, an introduced species, and non-sampled host species such as birds, are responsible for the majority of tick infections. In contrast, the cycle involving native bank voles only accounts for a small proportion of infected ticks. Genotypes associated with the two primary transmission cycles were isolated from Lyme disease patients, confirming the epidemiological threat posed by these strains. Our work demonstrates that combining high-throughput sequence typing with networks tools and statistical modeling is a promising approach for characterizing transmission cycles of multi-host pathogens in complex ecological settings

    Identification des tiques du genre Ixodes par spectrometrie de masse malditof

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    Le contrôle et la compréhension des maladies vectorielles nécessitent, entre autres, une identification précise du vecteur. L'identification morphologique requiert une connaissance entomologique et ne permet pas de distinguer des espèces proches, particulièrement aux stades sub-adultes. La biologie moléculaire permet une identification précise, cependant l'hétérogénéité des marqueurs utilisés et son coût élevé sont des freins à son utilisation. Le succès de la spectrométrie de masse MALDI-TOF (MALDI-TOF MS) dans l'identification des bactéries et des levures est maintenant reconnue et cette technologie a récemment fait ses preuves pour l'identification des tiques de genres différents en utilisant les 4 pattes comme matrice. Les objectifs de ce projet étaient de tester la relevance de cet outil à l'identification d'espèces de tiques du genre Ixodes à partir des pattes et du demi-idiosome, basé sur l'analyse d'empreintes protéiques obtenues par spectrométrie de masse.Les tiques, collectées sur le terrain ou sur animaux, appartiennent à 10 espèces distinctes, 9 du genre Ixodes (I. ricinus, I. persulcatus, I. scapularis, I. acuminatus, I. ventalloi, I. frontalis, I. hexagonus, I. vespertilionis et I. uriae) et une du genre Dermacentor (D. reticulatus). Pour chaque spécimen, les quatre pattes et le demi-idiosome, coupé longitudinalement, ont été disséqués avant d'être soumis individuellement au MALTI-TOF MS. L'ADN extrait du demi-idiosome restant de chaque tique a servi de contrôle d'identification moléculaire de l'espèce (séquençage du gène codant pour la cytochrome oxydase I, COI). La base a ensuite été testée en aveugle.Une reproductibilité des spectres a été obtenue pour l'ensemble des spécimens testés au sein d'un même espèce et d'un même compartiment, indépendamment du sexe et stade, validant la spécificité des empreintes protéiques massiques en fonction des espèces de tiques pour chacun des compartiments. Par ailleurs, 100% des spécimens testés en aveugle contre la base de données ont été correctement identifiés, quelle que soit la matrice utilisée.Ces travaux soulignent la robustesse de l'outil MALDI-TOF MS, pour l'identification des tiques appartenant à des espèces proches. Cette base de données pourra servir à des programmes de surveillance entomologique sur le terrain, mais également au diagnostic d'une suspicion de maladie vectorielle grâce à l'identification rapide de la tique collectée sur le patien

    Assessment of Borrelia miyamotoi in febrile patients and ticks in Alsace, an endemic area for Lyme borreliosis in France.

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    Background: Borrelia miyamotoi is a relapsing fever Borrelia species transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. Human disease caused by B. miyamotoi was first described in Russia and later in the USA and Japan. Additionally, five cases of meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients and one case in an apparently immunocompetent patient were described. Methods: We investigated the presence of B. miyamotoi in I. ricinus nymphs and in patients suspected of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, in Alsace (France), an endemic area for I. ricinus ticks and Lyme borreliosis, using direct (PCR) and indirect diagnosis (glycerophosphoryldiester-phosphodiesterase (GlpQ) serology). Results: Borrelia miyamotoi was found in 2.2% of 4354 ticks collected between 2013 and 2016. None of the 575 blood samples, collected from the patients suspected of HGA, was found positive for B. miyamotoi by PCR. Acute and late sera from 138 of these 575 patients were available. These paired sera were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies against the B. miyamotoi GlpQ antigen. A total of 14 out of 138 patients had at least one positive parameter (i.e. anti-GlpQ IgG and/or IgM). One patient seroconverted for IgG, and three had isolated IgM in the acute serum. These three patients were treated with doxycycline which could have prevented seroconversion. After reviewing clinical data and other biological tests performed, co-exposure among different microorganisms vectored by ticks or serological cross-reactivity could not be ruled out in these different cases. One patient had persistent IgG, which strongly suggests previous exposure to B. miyamotoi. Conclusions: Humans can be exposed to B. miyamotoi through tick bites in Alsace. We present serological data for possible B. miyamotoi exposure or infection of patients with fever after tick bite. Future studies should determine the incidence, clinical course and burden of this emerging tick-borne disease in other parts of Western Europe.[Figure not available: see fulltext.

    Complete Genome Sequence of Microbacterium sp. Strain Nx66, Isolated from Waters Contaminated with Petrochemicals in El Saf-Saf Valley, Algeria

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    International audienceMicrobacterium sp. strain Nx66 was isolated from waters contaminated by petrochemical effluents collected in Algeria. Its genome was sequenced using Illumina MiSeq (2 × 150-bp read pairs) and Oxford Nanopore (long reads) technologies and was assembled using Unicycler. It is composed of one chromosome of 3.42 Mb and one plasmid of 34.22 kb
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