State of gas exchange in recumbent and orthostatic positions and under physical load in healthy persons of varying age, sex and body build

Age effect on gas exchange was studied in the recumbent and orthostatic positions and under physical load. In the case of the older age group and for normal as compared with hypersthenic persons, oxygen consumption during rest and during moderate physical overload diminishes. When the vertical position is assumed oxygen consumption in persons of various age groups is distinctly increased, particularly in the elderly group. There is a reduction in the amount of oxygen consumption, oxygen pulse, recovery coefficient, and work efficiency under moderate overload. In persons over 50, physical labor induces a large oxygen requirement and a sharp rise in the level of lactic acid and the blood's lactate/pyruvate ratio. No distinct difference was noted in the amount of oxygen consumed during rest and during physical overload in men and women of the same physical development and age

Current Feedthroughs for Superconducting Magnets Operating Below 2 K

For superconducting magnets working in superfluid helium, a thermal and pressure barrier between liquid helium baths at different temperatures, so called "lambda plate", is required. Bus bars connecte d to current leads of magnets to be powered, pass through current feedthroughs. These feedthroughs have to stand high pressure, thermal shock, high voltage, and mechanical stresses, must be leak tight and introduce minimum heat inleak. This article describes a possible solution. Three prototypes were built and measured. Design of this feedthrough and preliminary results are presented

Genetic aspects of prader-willi syndrome

Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, The 6th International Medical Congress for Students and Young Doctors, May 12-14, 2016Introduction: PWS is a complex genetic disorder affecting appetite, growth, metabolism, cognitive function and behavior. Characterized by: 1) Low muscle tone 2) Short stature (when not treated with growth hormone) 3) Incomplete sexual development 4) Cognitive disabilities 5) Behavioral problems 6) The hallmark characteristics – chronic feelings of insatiable hunger and a slowed metabolism that can lead to excessive eating and life-threatening obesity. The syndrome is due to the loss of expression of several genes encoded on the long arm of chromosome 15 (15q11.2–q13). The complex phenotype is most probably caused by a hypothalamic dysfunction that is responsible for hormonal dysfunctions and for absence of the sense of satiety. People with PWS have a flaw in the hypothalamus part of their brain, which normally registers feelings of hunger and satiety. While the problem is not yet fully understood, it is apparent that people with this flaw never feel full; they have a continuous urge to eat that they cannot learn to control. To compound this problem, people with PWS need less food than their peers without the syndrome because their bodies have less muscle and tend to burn fewer calories. Materials and methods: While doing the review we screened worldwide literature and interactive sources. We tried to choose information that will be reliable and will explain the genetic aspects, clinical features and complications of PWS. Discussion results: PWS is rarely seen worldwide disease especially in RM that imposible diagnoses without genetics tests in neonates. Increasing awareness to PWS can bring to increase use of genetic methods of diagnoses and less miss diagnoses. Conclusion: Prader-Willi syndrome is a complex multisystem disorder. Patients can be affected by various problems; therefore precocious diagnosis is fundamental to guarantee optimal assistance. Each patient should undergo personally tailored treatment from birth. Therapeutic decisions and clinical followup need to consider all of these possible problems. A multidisciplinary team is required, made up of specialists such as neonatologists, geneticist, pediatricians, endocrinologists, orthopedic surgeons, psychologists, psychiatrists, physiotherapists, and urologists to deal with the numerous medical and psychological problems a PWS patient has to face. Only in this way we can improve quality of life, prevent complications, and prolong life expectancy in patients with PWS

Variabilitatea valvei atrioventriculare stângi şi semilunare aortice

(Scientific advisor - Assoc. Professor T. Hacina) Department of Human AnatomyThe study was performed in order to determine possible variations of the mitral and aortic semilunar valves and their frequency. Rezultatele cercetării demonstrează variante posibile ale valvei mitrale şi celei semilunare aortice şi frecvenţa lor

Metabolic disorder in patients with ischemic heart disease

University professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Clinic № 8, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Nicolae Testemiţanu", Chisinau, MoldovaActuality: Ischemic heart disease occupies a central role in the international structure of mortality and morbidity. The study of prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors as well as influence on the modifiable risk factors could decrease the level of cardiovascular mortality. Metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance lead to endothelial dysfunction and increase susceptibility to atherosclerosis, as well increasing frequency of cardio vascular complications, both acute and chronic. Objective of the article is the comprehensive study of the cardiovascular risk factors in patients with ischemic heart disease. Materials and methods: First of all, was performed biochemical analysis of the blood: glucose, total cholesterol, HDLcholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, was monitored blood pressure of the patients, was calculated body mass index. An exhaustive analysis of lifestyle risk factors, such as smoking was performed. Results in the study were included 50 patients with ischemic heart disease- 30 (60 %) men and 20 (40%) women, mean age was about (52,5 ±0.3 year). The mean age for ischemic heart disease symptoms was 49,5 years. All of the patients presented on admission anginal pain mainly localized retrosternal, constrictive type, with irradiation in arms, occurring during small and medium effort and decreasing at rest or after Nitroglycerin taking. 40 patients (80%) manifested dyspnea at moderate effort (35 patients) and small (15 patients). At this point w'ere studied cardiovascular risk factors, including essential hypertension of different stages (I-III), this was the most commonly risk factor at 50 (100 %) patients. 90 % of patients had blood pressure above than 160/100 mmHg, with prevalence of tachycardia in 60% of patients. 40 (80%) of patients were overweight or obese (BMI >25 kg/m2). Dyslipidemia was determined in 40 (80 %) of the cases. 20 patients (40%) were suffering from diabetes type 2, other 60 % were nondiabetics, smokers were 26 (54 %) of the patients. Conclusion Patients with ischemic heart disease and metabolic disorders, evaluated in this research, had working age about 52.5 ± 0.3 years. Most of the patients have more than three cardiovascular risk factors and influencing the modifiable risk factors by promoting a healthy lifestyle could decrease the incidence of cardiovascular mortality

From state agencies to ordinary citizens: reframing risk-mitigation investments and their impact to disrupt urban risk traps in Lima, Peru

The understanding of linkages between disaster risk and urban development has seen important advances in recent decades. However, it falls short in addressing the production and reproduction of so-called urban “risk traps”, which are accumulation cycles of everyday risks and small-scale disasters with highly localized impacts, particularly on impoverished urban dwellers. Drawing on the action-research project cLIMA sin Riesgo, this paper examines risk-mitigating investment actions of state agencies, residents and communities in Barrios Altos, in the historic centre of Lima, Peru, and José Carlos Mariátegui, in the periphery. The analysis shows that residents tend to be caught in risk traps not necessarily due to lacking investments, but paradoxically despite them and their unintended effects. Furthermore, accumulated fragmented investments erode the capacity to act of those at risk and perpetuate risk accumulation cycles. The paper argues for a re-assessment of risk-mitigation investments and their intended and unintended consequences, and suggests routes to address current shortcomings in order to disrupt “risk traps”

De la mitigación de desastres a la interrupción de trampas de riesgo: la experiencia de aprendizajeacción de clima sin riesgo

RESUMEN: En las últimas décadas hemos asistido a una profunda reformulación de cómo entender las condiciones de riesgo en el contexto urbano. Sin embargo, aún enfrentamos significativos desafíos para capturar conceptual, metodológica y empíricamente los círculos viciosos de reproducción de riesgos que configuran ‘trampas de riesgo urbano’ frecuentemente invisibilizadas. Entendemos a las trampas de riesgo como el resultado de la reproducción de riesgos cotidianos y de desastres repetitivos y frecuentes de pequeña escala, que afectan en forma desproporcional a los sectores empobrecidos en forma altamente localizada. A partir de cLIMA sin Riesgo - un proyecto de investigación-acción desarrollado por los autores en el contexto de Lima - este artículo explora las condiciones que producen y reproducen estas trampas, cómo y dónde se materializan, quié- nes son afectados y con qué consecuencias para aquellos que viven en barrios tugurizados y/o asentamientos informales y marginalizados. La discusión examina cómo el conocimiento espacial de la urbanización en riesgo y la evaluación critica de las inversiones y los esfuerzos de mitigación realizados por parte de pobladores y agencias estatales permiten avanzar hacia una apreciación más precisa del impacto de dichas trampas a lo largo del tiempo, así como hacia estrategias de acción para su interrupción. ABSTRACT: The last decades have witnessed a profound change in our understanding of the conditions of risk in urban contexts. However, we still face significant conceptual, methodological and empirical challenges in capturing the vicious cycles of risk accumulation that often render so-called ‘urban risk traps’ invisible. We define risk traps as the result of the reproduction of everyday risks and frequent small-scale disasters, which have highly localized impacts and disproportionately affect impoverished inhabitants. Based on the action-research project cLIMA without Risk (cLIMA sin riesgo), which was conducted by the authors in the context of two marginalized areas in the centre and periphery of Lima, Peru, this article explores the conditions that produce and reproduce these risk traps and it analyses how and where they materialize, who they affect and with what consequences. The discussion examines how spatial knowledge of urbanization at risk together with a critical evaluation of inhabitants’ and state agencies’ investments in mitigation efforts allows us to move towards a more accurate assessment of the impact of these risk traps over time, which is required for developing transformative strategies to disrupt them

De las agencias estatales a los ciudadanos comunes: Una mirada crítica a las inversiones en mitigación de riesgos y su impacto para interrumpir las trampas de riesgo urbano en Lima, Perú

La comprensión de los vínculos entre el riesgo de desastres y el desarrollo urbano ha tenido avances importantes en las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, aun enfrentamos desafíos para abordar la producción y reproducción de lo que denominamos "trampas de riesgo" urbanas, que se configuran a través de ciclos de acumulación de riesgos cotidianos y desastres a pequeña escala con impactos altamente localizados, particularmente en los habitantes urbanos empobrecidos. A partir del proyecto de investigación-acción cLIMA sin Riesgo, este articulo examina las acciones de inversión de mitigación de riesgos de agencias estatales, residentes y comunidades en dos áreas marginadas y contrastantes de Lima Metropolitana: José Carlos Mariátegui en la periferia, y Barrios Altos en el centro histórico. El análisis muestra que los residentes tienden a quedar encerrados en trampas de riesgo, no necesariamente debido a la falta de inversiones, sino paradójicamente a pesar de ellas e impactos relacionados. Además, la acumulación de inversiones fragmentadas a lo largo del tiempo erosiona la capacidad de actuar de los que viven en riesgo, perpetuando los ciclos de acumulación de riesgos. El documento aboga por una reevaluación de las inversiones de mitigación de riesgos y sus consecuencias previstas e imprevistas, y sugiere rutas para abordar las deficiencias actuales con el fin de interrumpir las "trampas de riesgo"