IMPACTS OF DIETARY CYANOBACTERIA ON FISH

Abstract ZIKOVÁ, A., PALÍKOVÁ, M., MAREŠ, J., NAVRÁTIL, S., KOPP, R.: Impacts of dietary cyanobacteria on fi sh. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2010, LVIII, No. 4, pp. 277-284 Development of cyanobacterial water bloom became a common issue all over the world. Cyanobacteria are the most important primary producers in aquatic ecosystems but in some abundant species their secondary metabolites called cyanotoxins seem to be harmful for many animal groups especially mammals but also fi sh. In fi shes, adverse eff ects have been demonstrated in several studies applying cyanotoxins by unnatural injection. However, cyanobacteria and fi sh coevolved during ages and therefore the question arises whether cyanobacteria might be even used for fi sh via oral application (fi sh diet). The use of cyanobacteria for fi sh diets is varying including applications of pure cyanobacteria biomass as well as incorporation of cyanotoxin containing cyanobacteria biomass into commercial fi sh diet. The impacts of cyanobacteria in fi sh diets administered via the oral route revealed contradictory fi ndings ranging from moderate negative to growth promoting impacts and it seems that any bioaccumulation of microcystins can become depurated by rearing fi sh in clean water for a short period. According to the results obtained from various experiments, cyanobacteria as primary producers might be used as a component of fi sh diets especially concerning partial replacement of fi sh meal. However, the determination of nutrition value and the bioavailibility of nutrients present in cyanobacteria for diff erent fi sh species needs to be determined. Furthermore thorough research is needed to exclude any harmful problem for the fi nal consumers -humans. blue-green algae; fi sh diet; cyanotoxins Cyanobacteria development became recently the most discussed topic all over the worl

The fine structure of the comparative

The paper provides evidence for a more articulated structure of the comparative as compared with the one in Bobaljik (2012). We propose to split up Bobaljik's cmpr head into two distinct heads, C1 and C2. Looking at Czech, Old Church Slavonic and English, we show that this proposal explains a range of facts about suppletion and allomorphy. A crucial ingredient of our analysis is the claim that adjectival roots are not a-categorial, but spell out adjectival functional structure. Specifically, we argue that adjectival roots come in various types, differing in the amount of functional structure they spell out. In order to correctly model the competition between roots, we further introduce a Faithfulness Restriction on Cyclic Override, which allows us to dispense with the Elsewhere Principle