Introduction: pluralistic and multicultural reexaminations of tolerance/toleration

This special issue of JET will discuss ???Pluralism, Multiculturalism, and Tolerance/Toleration.??? The highest social idea is ???universal love,??? however the bottom line of a realistic society is ???tolerance/toleration.??? ???Tolerance/toleration??? can be defined as a sense of openness to difference and diversity, namely, a just, inclusive, pluralistic, and objective attitude of mind or way of thinking toward different genders, races, religions, and nationalities as well as different values, rights, interests, spiritualities, and socio-political ideas. But what are the more detailed distinctions between tolerance and toleration? V. Bader answers: ???Tolerance/toleration, first, can refer to (a) an articulated normative principle; (b) an individual attitude, disposition or a personal virtue; and (c) to collective practices and institutional regimes. When I mean an articulated normative principle, I call it tolerance; when I refer to attitudes, virtues, practices and institutional regimes I use the term toleration.??? (Bader 2011, 18

A Philosophical Reexamination of Durkheim’s Socio-political Deviation

Durkheim’s theory of deviation has powerfully influenced the scholars of sociology. His idea is still one of the fundamental theories in sociology. Durkheim’s whole investigation is threefold: first, to establish a framework of theory; second, to solidify it once established; and third, to promote its greater perfection. In general, Durkheim’s establishment of this framework was fruitful. This paper attempts: 1) to re-formalize the rules of socio-political deviation; 2) to re-correlate socio-political deviation and other socio-political phenomena; 3) to re-justify the necessity and causality of socio-political deviation. We can concede that Durkheim was an original deviser of a blueprint for a new theoretical mansion, but at the same time, one should realize that he was also a failure as a builder of this construction

An examination of the concept of socio-political deviation

Philosophical examination of deviation has been of sustained interest to both political philosophers and social scientists. From the time of Aristotle forward, some of the principal discussions of social or political philosophy have been what might be called fundamental discussions about socio-political deviation. What is socio-political deviation? What are its features, attributes, structures, functions and process? What is its necessity and positivity? What are its ontological, epistemological, methodological or moral foundations? What is its theoretical and practical significance in social development? Questions like these may yield important philosophical insights, and lead us to understand, and perhaps to reconstruct or reformulate, the very rationale for developing a contemporary theory of deviation. The four chapters in this dissertation cover the spectrum from the historical to the theoretical, practical and methodological. In the first chapter, we devote our attention to Aristotle\u27s theory of constitutional deviation. I try to discuss, critically and analytically, the ten key points of the extensive definition of constitutional deviation implied in Aristotle\u27s book Politics. I also deal with Aristotle\u27s explanations about the reasons why constitutional deviation occurs, and approaches as to how constitutional deviation can be prevented. In the second chapter, I attempt to disclose the distinctions between Aristotle and Durkheim\u27s theory of deviation. I also want to confirm Durkheim\u27s contribution to the development of the theory of deviation, as well as criticize the deficiencies, limits and fallacies in his framework. In the third chapter, I have a fourfold purpose--to demystify and reconstruct socio-political deviation through conceptual, critical, explanatory, and practical analyses. By those reconstructions, I try to clarify many discussions and controversies which exist at the present time concerning the theory of deviation. In the last chapter, I propose to adopt a multiple methodology--a static, dynamic, and rational approach upon which to model socio-political deviation. These methodological models can be useful to effectively understand the nature, characteristics, causes, relations and roles of socio-political deviation

Recontextualization of traditional Chinese "rights": socio-philosophical examinations

The concept of rights has gradually emerged as the subject of a\ud particular academic field of study???a complex one, involving three aspects:\ud conceptual approaches, theoretical orientation, and practical development. The\ud study of Chinese ???rights??? 1\ud should be involved in the fundamental interrelation of\ud all forms of Chinese human values and social behavior. This study will focus on the\ud ways in which certain na??ve, vague and implied consciousness and spontaneous\ud and haphazard actions of Chinese rights have affected the processes of Chinese\ud social changes and human development. A convergence of goals of ???rights??? means\ud that an essential restructuring of basic research and its cross-cultural comparisons\ud must be developed. The study???s central theme is that questions and analytical\ud modes of ???rights??? in Chinese human development are rapidly being challenged as\ud a fundamental framework for philosophical criticism, and in its place will appear\ud new research from investigators with interdisciplinary, multi-methodological\ud approaches and analytical examinations. This article attempts to recontextualize\ud traditional Chinese ???rights??? through socio-philosophical and historical-cultural\ud perspectives

Tunable Electronic Properties of Graphene/g-AlN Heterostructure: The Effect of Vacancy and Strain Engineering

The structural and electronic properties of graphene/graphene-like Aluminum Nitrides monolayer (Gr/g-AlN) heterojunction with and without vacancies are systematically investigated by first-principles calculation. The results prove that Gr/g-AlN with nitrogen-vacancy (Gr/g-AlN-VN) is energy favorable with the smallest sublayer distance and binding energy. Gr/g-AlN-VN is nonmagnetic, like that in the pristine Gr/g-AlN structure, but it is different from the situation of g-AlN-VN, where a magnetic moment of 1 μB is observed. The metallic graphene acts as an electron acceptor in the Gr/g-AlN-VN and donor in Gr/g-AlN and Gr/g-AlN-VAl contacts. Schottky barrier height Φ B , n by traditional (hybrid) functional of Gr/g-AlN, Gr/g-AlN-VAl, and Gr/g-AlN-VN are calculated as 2.35 (3.69), 2.77 (3.23), and 1.10 (0.98) eV, respectively, showing that vacancies can effectively modulate the Schottky barrier height. Additionally, the biaxial strain engineering is conducted to modulate the heterojunction contact properties. The pristine Gr/g-AlN, which is a p-type Schottky contact under strain-free condition, would transform to an n-type contact when 10% compressive strain is applied. Ohmic contact is formed under a larger tensile strain. Furthermore, 7.5% tensile strain would tune the Gr/g-AlN-VN from n-type to p-type contact. These plentiful tunable natures would provide valuable guidance in fabricating nanoelectronics devices based on Gr/g-AlN heterojunctions

Impact of the vertical strain on the Schottky barrier height for graphene/AlN heterojunction: a study by the first-principles method

Recent years, graphene-based van der Waals (vdW) heterojunction becomes more and more popular in optoelectronics, nanoelectronics, and spintronics device area. Besides, the modulation of Schottky barrier height (SBH) is rather desired to improve the performance of corresponding devices. In the current study, we have focused on the interfacial characteristics and electronic structure of graphene/AlN heterostructure by the first-principles calculations. The results show the intrinsic electronic properties are preserved after graphene and AlN contacting due to the weak interaction between two sublayers. The Bader charge analysis shows that the electrons are transferred from AlN to graphene, leading to graphene as an acceptor while AlN as a donor. Besides, by varying the interlayer distance from 2.5 to 4.3 Å, we found both the n-SBH and p-SBH are significantly tuned. In addition, the optical absorption intensity is enhanced significantly in the graphene/AlN heterojunction. Our findings imply that the SBH is controllable, which is highly desirable in the nano-electronic devices

Table_1_Carbon emission reduction of shore power from power energy structure in China.docx

With the construction of China’s ecological civilization and the proposal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, shore power has been vigorously developed as an important technology for the future green development of ports. However, China’s electricity is still mostly coal-fired, which produces many carbon emissions. Coupled with regional differences, shore power is by no means certain to lower carbon emissions compared with fuel throughout China. Considering the power energy structure in different regions, this paper establishes a carbon emission correlation model between fuel and shore power during ship berthing, calculates the feasibility and actual emission reduction effect of shore power in coastal ports, and studies the restriction condition of starting time for the use of shore power for ships attached to ports according to the national policy of mandatory use of shore power. The results show that only a small part of coastal provinces and cities are suitable for using shore power, and it is limited by the berthing time of the ship. However, this condition is not related to the size of ships but related to the proportion of power generation. Therefore, the government should develop shore power according to local conditions, and vigorously increase the proportion of clean energy, so that the shore power truly achieve zero carbon emissions.</p

Theoretical study of stress and strain distribution in coupled pyramidal InAs quantum dots embedded in GaAs by finite element method

Stress and strain distributions in and around a single or two-coupled pyramidal InAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded in GaAs are calculated by finite element methods according to the continuum elasticity theory. By changing the quantum dot spacing and thickness of cap layer, the results about strain and stress distributions show compressive strain and stress distribution in the QDs and relaxation undergoes two stages with different speeds for different quantum dot height, quantum width and thickness of cap layer. The stress and strain distributions of pyramidal QDs would not vary monotonously with geometric dimensions. The height of quantum dot and cap layer thickness can effectively adjust the vertical correlation of self-assembly QDs according to the calculation. The shape of stress distribution at surface of cap layer can be tuned from a quadrangle into a circle by increasing the thickness of cap layer or decreasing the height of quantum dot. Also, a new approach to grow quantum ring is found in this paper. The calculations of two-coupled QDs show that the self-assembly technology might fail if the horizontal distance between two QDs is not large enough. The stress induced by upper QDs will be relaxed to zero with a longer distance downwards is found in this paper

Comparative analysis of characteristic volatile compounds in five types of Yunnan dry-cured hams by HS-GC-IMS and HS-SPME-GC-MS

The quality characteristics of dry-cured hams from different regions of Yunnan province were studied by analyzing five types of Yunnan dry-cured hams (Xuanwei ham, Sanchuan ham, Nuodeng ham, Saba ham, and Heqing ham) using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). The analysis aimed to identify different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the dry-cured ham samples. Forty-one VOCs were qualitatively characterized by HS-GC-IMS from dry-cured ham samples, of which Nuodeng ham and Saba ham had similar fingerprint profiles and contained higher levels of aldehydes and alcohols. Meanwhile, a total of 12 qualitatively differential characteristic markers were screened by the PLS-DA model. Furthermore, 128 main VOCs were identified by HS-SPME-GC-MS, of which 26 differential characteristic markers were screened by the PLS-DA model. HCA analysis showed that the VOCs of Sanchuan ham were different from those of the other four dry-cured hams due to the unique processing. These results can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the flavor characteristics of dry-cured hams from different regions of Yunnan