International Association for East-West Studies (IAES, http://www.iaesonline.org/)
Abstract
This special issue of JET will discuss ???Pluralism, Multiculturalism, and
Tolerance/Toleration.??? The highest social idea is ???universal love,??? however the
bottom line of a realistic society is ???tolerance/toleration.??? ???Tolerance/toleration??? can
be defined as a sense of openness to difference and diversity, namely, a just, inclusive,
pluralistic, and objective attitude of mind or way of thinking toward different genders,
races, religions, and nationalities as well as different values, rights, interests,
spiritualities, and socio-political ideas. But what are the more detailed distinctions
between tolerance and toleration? V. Bader answers: ???Tolerance/toleration, first, can
refer to (a) an articulated normative principle; (b) an individual attitude, disposition or
a personal virtue; and (c) to collective practices and institutional regimes. When I
mean an articulated normative principle, I call it tolerance; when I refer to attitudes,
virtues, practices and institutional regimes I use the term toleration.??? (Bader 2011, 18
