4 research outputs found

    Kognitive und neurostrukturelle Korrelate von CADASIL als Modellerkrankung einer vaskulÀren Demenz

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    Das Thema dieser Arbeit ist kognitive BeeintrĂ€chtigung nach zerebrovaskulĂ€rer SchĂ€digung. Aufgrund der HeterogenitĂ€t des Krankheitsbildes der „vaskulĂ€ren kognitiven BeeintrĂ€chtigung“ (Vascular Cognitive Impairment, VCI) und der hĂ€ufigen KomorbiditĂ€t mit Alzheimerdemenz wird eine monogen vererbte Mikroangiopathie (zerebrale autosomal dominante Angiopathie mit subkortikalen Infarkten und Leukenzephalopathie, CADASIL) als Modellerkrankung einer reinen VCI herangezogen. In der ersten der beiden Publikationen wurde mittels voxelbasiertem LĂ€sions-Symptom-Mapping der Zusammenhang zwischen LĂ€sionen in frontalen subkortikalen Arealen und CADASIL-typischen kognitiven EinschrĂ€nkungen untersucht. Der stĂ€rkste Zusammenhang bestand zwischen kognitiver Bearbeitungsgeschwindigkeit und LĂ€sionen in der anterioren Thalamusstrahlung sowie der Forceps Minor. Eine zusĂ€tzliche Regressionsanalyse konnte zeigen, dass nicht das Gesamtausmaß der SchĂ€digung entscheidend ist fĂŒr spezifische FunktionsbeeintrĂ€chtigung, sondern die LĂ€sionslast in den zuvor identifzierten Lokalisationen. In der zweiten Publikation wurde ein Faktor untersucht, der diesen Zusammenhang zwischen Funktion und Struktur moderiert, die Kognitive Reserve. Ein hĂ€ufig postuliertes Modell der kognitiven Reserve als aktiver Kompensationsmechanismus konnte in den CADASIL-Daten bestĂ€tigt werden. Patienten mit höherer Schulbildung (als Operationalisierung kognitiver Reserve) zeigten bei gleichem Ausmaß an Pathologie weniger BeeintrĂ€chtigung in Bearbeitungsgeschwindigkeit und Exekutivfunktionen als weniger Gebildete, jedoch nur bei geringem und mittlerem Ausmaß an Pathologie.The subject of this thesis is cognitive impairment following cerebrovascular disease. Due to the heterogenity of „vascular cognitive impairment“ (VCI) and the frequent comorbidity with Alzheimer's Dementia, a monogenous form of microangiopathy (cerebral autosomal dominant angiopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy, CADASIL) is used as a model of pure VCI.The first publication used voxel-based lesion-symptom-mapping to investigate the relationship between lesions in frontal subcortical tracts and CADASIL-specific cognitive impairment. The strongest correlation was found for cognitive processing speed and lesions in the anterior thalamic radiation as well as the Forceps Minor. An additional regression analysis showed that instead of the total amount of brain damage, lesion load in previously identified locations is significant for specific functional impairment. The second publication explored a factor moderating the relationship between structure and function, namely Cognitive Reserve. A frequently proposed model of cognitive reserve as an active compensation mechanism could be confirmed in the CADASIL population. Patients with higher formal education (as proxy for cognitive reserve) showed less impairment in processing speed and executive function at the same amount of pathology than less educated patients. This difference however was only present for low and medium levels of pathology

    Neural correlates of primary and reflective consciousness of spatial orienting.

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    International audienceUsing functional magnetic resonance imaging, we asked participants to perform a visual target detection task with peripheral cues. In the first part of the experiment, cues were not predictive of the side of occurrence of the incoming target. In the second part of the experiment, unbeknownst to the participants, cues became 80% predictive, thus inducing an endogenous orienting of spatial attention. Confirming previous results, in the second part response times (RTs) decreased for validly cued trials and increased for invalid trials. Half of the participants were subsequently able to correctly describe the cue-target relationships ('verbalizers'), thus demonstrating reflective consciousness of endogenous orienting. Also non-verbalizer participants showed a similar RT pattern, indicating the occurrence of endogenous orienting without reflective consciousness. Both groups of participants showed fronto-parietal activity typically observed in spatial attention tasks. Verbalizers, in addition, demonstrated stronger activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), consistent with the proposed role of this structure in purposeful behaviour and in the monitoring of its consequences. The extensive pattern of connectivity of the ACC is ideally suited to integrate the activity of the large neural assemblies necessary for reflective consciousness to emerge
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