Anamorphosis as a creative stimulus for the development of plastic foundations in the art of prominent sculpture

The following work paper presents the art of "anamorphosis as a creative stimulus for the development of plastic premises in the art of prominent sculpture" through the following axes: Introduction to research The art of anamorphosis is one of the important arts as one of the methods of optical deception art has been called distorted art. Artists' experiences succeeded during the European Renaissance, which It coincided with the urgent desire of human societies to scientific development. At this time, the plastic artist benefited from the laws of the scientific perspective, which produced artistic works that contributed to confirming the relationship between science and art through the art of anamorphosis, and then posed his problem, which is what is the possibility of creating plastic premises in the art of prominent sculpture through the art of anamorphosis as a creative stimulus? And his assumptions came as the following: It is possible to develop plastic premises in the art of prominent sculpture through the art of anamorphosis, and the goal is to develop new premises for the art of contemporary prominent sculpture through the use of the art of anamorphosis. The importance of the research also lies in shedding light on the experiences of contemporary sculptors who employed the art of anamorphosis in the art of contemporary prominent sculpture and the analysis of some works of contemporary prominent sculpture in which the art of anamorphosis was used and the application of the art of anamorphosis in the educational process to develop new plastic premises and the limits of research were formed in the spatial boundaries: Europe and borders Temporal: the twenty-first century, and the researcher followed the descriptive-analytical approach. Through the application of the theory of reflection, the image becomes on the shiny surface and the closest to the surface of the mirrors becomes a realistic image. There is no doubt that the ability to employ advanced coordinates that combined science and art on the formations of prominent sculpture made the sculptor present multiple and new plastic premises for the art of contemporary prominent sculpture.research importance1- Shedding light on the experiences of contemporary sculptors who employed the art of anamorphosis in the art of contemporary prominent sculpture2- Analysis of some works of contemporary prominent sculpture in which the art of anamorphosis was used3- Applying the art of anamorphosis in the educational process to develop new plastic perspective

Inappropriate polypharmacy management versus deprescribing: A review on their relationship

Medication burden and polypharmacy are highly prevalent among patients with multimorbidity. There have been multiple initiatives to overcome polypharmacy and medication burden in patients with multimorbidity. These initiatives have evolved over time as effective in reducing the negative health consequences of polypharmacy. In recent years, the concept and practice of deprescribing has emerged and gained popularity as an efficient comprehensive approach to manage polypharmacy and ultimately improve health outcomes. Clinicians and researchers with interest in deprescribing view it as a novel and unique strategy that should be a part of effective prescribing process. However, other traditional polypharmacy management strategies such as drug review and medication therapy management still coexist. It is intriguing if deprescribing is considered as a type of these strategies or not. This narrative mini-review explored published literature in an effort to ascertain the differences and similarities between deprescribing and other prominent polypharmacy management interventions. It is clear that there is an overlap between deprescribing and inappropriate polypharmacy management. This is represented by focusing on multimorbid older adults, using similar explicit and implicit tools and having drug review as the core principle of both approaches. This overlap has probably made deprescribing considered as one of polypharmacy management approaches.Scopu

(Art Exhibition Human and Computer View) The impact of the computer as a plastic vocabulary on the expressive content of the richness of the art of prominent sculpture

The following worksheet presents "Take advantage of the computer as a formative expression to enrich the formations of relief sculpture" through the following axesAn introduction to the research and then presented to its problem, which is what is the possibility of benefiting from the influence of the computer as a formative vocabulary on the expressive content of the rich art of prominent sculpture in order to express the reality of contemporary society and the work of sculptural formations characterized by plastic and aesthetic treatments? And his assumptions are as follows: it is possible to take advantage of the impact of the computer as a formative vocabulary on the expressive content to create sculptural formations characterized by expressive plastic treatments that express the reality of contemporary society and its goals Creating outstanding sculpture works that depend in their construction on the relationship between the computer and the human being and are characterized by expressive content and plastic treatments and express the reality of contemporary society with all its negative or positive variables.The importance of the research also lies in opening new horizons, not in the vocabulary of contemporary sculptural formation, and emphasizing the importance of expressive contents that enrich the art of prominent sculpture. The limits of the research are related to the use of the computer as a plastic vocabulary and the diversity of expressive contents. The research also follows the experimental method (self-experiment) The descriptive analytical method in the theoretical framework in an attempt to prove the research hypothesis by implementing a number of (10) ten pieces of prominent sculpture. Where the researcher presents prominent sculptures that express the culture The era and the various expressive contents that the researcher wants to convey to the society, where she records in her message the issues that he experiences as life events as a result of technological and social transformations. Visual

Medication-Related Burden among Patients with Chronic Disease ‎Conditions: Perspectives of Patients attending Non-Communicable ‎Disease Clinics in a Primary Healthcare Setting in Qatar

This study aimed to adapt a medication-related burden instrument, the Living with ‎Medicines Questionnaire (LMQ), into the Arabic context, report the psychometric ‎properties of the Arabic version, and assess the burden resulting from the treatment of ‎chronic conditions in Qatar. ‎ The research included two phases. In Phase 1; cultural adaptation was conducted to ‎generate an Arabic version of LMQ (LMQ-AR). In Phase 2, the LMQ-AR was used in a ‎cross-sectional study among patients with chronic conditions in Qatar. Data obtained ‎were used to assess the psychometric properties of the LMQ-AR, as well as to report ‎medication-related burden perceived by patients. Construct validity of the LMQ-AR was ‎evaluated by associating the LMQ-AR score with adherence, measured by the ‎Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS), and with global burden assessed by ‎Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha.‎ A total of 293 patients with diabetes, from different ethnicities, age groups, and ‎educational levels completed the study forms. Of the total sample, 138 patients used the ‎Arabic versions. The domains of LMQ-AR showed acceptable internal consistency with ‎Cronbach’s α ranging from 0.59 to 0.80. The overall LMQ-AR score was positively ‎correlated with ARMS score (rs=0.400, P<0.0001), and VAS (rs=0.335, P<0.0001). ‎Majority of the patients (n = 253) reported the existence of minimum (66.6%) to ‎moderate (24.1%) medication-related burden. There was a moderate positive ‎correlation between the scores of LMQ and ARMS, rs(251) =0.317, p < 0.0005. Diagnosis ‎duration of diabetes (β = 0.203, p < 0.05), adherence score (β = 0.342, p < 0.05), marital ‎status (β = 0.161, p < 0.05), employment status (β = -0.191, p < 0.05), and the presence ‎of hypertension (β = -0.131, p < 0.05) were significant predictors of overall medication ‎burden. ‎ The Arabic version of the LMQ is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to ‎assess medication-related burden among patients with chronic conditions in the Arabic ‎context. A considerable proportion of patients suffer from medication-related burden, ‎which could be affected by many factors

The Impact of Long-term Medicines Use: Linguistic Validation of the Living with Medicines Questionnaire

Introduction: Polypharmacy (or the use of multiple medications at the same time by the same patient) could expose the patient to health risks and add an extra burden on the life of these patients in addition to the burden of illness. The Living with Medicines Questionnaire (LMQ) was developed to assess the burden of polypharmacy from the patient's perspective. This tool includes items relating to the use of medication and expressed as statements for which the respondents indicates his/her agreement using five-points Likert-type. There is a need to make available such a measure to contribute information generated from the Arabic-speaking world and to share research findings through an Arabic version of the LMQ, which is culturally equivalent to the original English tool. Objectives: We aimed at translating and culturally adapting the Living with Medicines Questionnaire into the Arabic context through a structured process utilizing best practices in translation and cultural adaptation. Methods: As means for adhering to best practice, permission to use the LMQ was sought from the developers, and a protocol for its translation and cultural adaptation was developed using guidelines developed by the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes measures. Two forward translations were produced, compared, and reconciled into the first reconciled version. This version was then back translated into English and compared with the original tool leading to the second reconciled version. The emerging Arabic version of the LMQ was cognitively tested among purposively selected individuals to test the linguistic and cultural equivalence and produce the final Arabic translation. The results were documented and shared with the developers of the LMQ. Results: A comprehensive protocol, with the potential to inform future similar studies elsewhere, was developed and used as a guide to produce an Arabic version of the LMQ that is representative of the original tool, and suitable for the Arabic culture. No major issues were found in the demographics section of the questionnaire or the instructions to answer the questions. Issues identified and related to cultural and linguistic equivalence of some terms were resolved by re-wording some items in the tool. A total of seven people were purposively selected to be interviewed in order to assess the LMQ Arabic version in areas related to comprehension, time burden, and acceptability. Individuals were selected with consideration to balanced gender distribution, age, ethnicity/nationality, education, and all with Arabic language as their mother tongue. The cognitive debriefing exercise generated comments regarding the original tool's construct and its Arabic equivalent, which were communicated to the developers of the LMQ for their consideration while conducting further comparative studies. Conclusion: Through following methods based on best practice, we have joined the international efforts into the development of the first questionnaire aiming to measure medication burden in the Arabic-speaking region. We now make available a culturally equivalent Arabic translation of the Living with Medicines Questionnaire for use in Arabic speaking countries in research and/or clinical practice. However, further validation tests are needed to be conducted among Arabic-speaking population.qscienc

The Living with Medicines Questionnaire: Translation and Cultural Adaptation into the Arabic Context

Background The Living with Medicines Questionnaire (LMQ) was developed in English language to assess, from a patient's perspective, issues related to the burden resulting from the use of medicines. Objectives To translate and culturally adapt the LMQ into the Arabic language and context. Methods Permission to translate the LMQ was obtained from the original developers, and a protocol for its translation and cultural adaptation was developed using the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research guidelines for the translation and cultural adaptation of patient-reported outcome measures. Two forward translations (from English into Arabic) were developed and compared to produce the first reconciled version, which was back-translated into English. The resulting English version was compared with the original questionnaire leading to the second reconciled version. The emerged Arabic questionnaire was then cognitively tested among purposively selected individuals to assess the linguistic and cultural equivalence, and produce the final Arabic version. Results Issues identified and related to cultural and conceptual equivalence of some terms were resolved by rewording some items in the tool. The translation process and cognitive debriefing exercise generated comments regarding the original tool's construct and its Arabic equivalent, which were communicated to the developers of the LMQ for their consideration while conducting further comparative studies. Conclusions A culturally suitable translation of the LMQ was generated for potential use in research and clinical practice in Arabic-speaking countries. Further validation of the developed Arabic version is recommended and planned. 2016 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR)Source of financial support: This study was supported by a student grant (grant no. #QUST-CPH-SPR-14/15-20).Scopu

Barriers to Diabetes Adherence (BDA): Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Instrument into Arabic Context

Objectives: Barriers to Diabetes Adherence (BDA) instrument is a measure developed in English to assess barriers to adherence in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The main objectives of the present study were to translate and culturally adapt the BDA tool into Arabic for the assessment of barriers to adherence in adolescents with T1DM in Arabic-speaking populations. Methods: The International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research guidelines for the translation and cultural adaptation of patient-reported outcome measures were used for the process. Permission to use the instrument was obtained from the developers. This was followed by 2 forward translations of the tool into Arabic. The 2 Arabic versions were combined into a reconciled Arabic version that was then back-translated into English. This was then tested against the original tool. The resultant Arabic version underwent a cognitive debriefing process to assess its comprehension and appropriateness among potential users, and this resulted in further refinements, leading to the final Arabic version of the tool. Results: The translation and cognitive debriefing processes revealed issues related to the cultural or conceptual equivalence of the tool that were addressed and resolved by rewording, restructuring, or addition or elimination of words or phrases that in certain circumstances necessitated communications with the developers for further clarifications of the intended meaning of relevant items. This process generated an easy, comprehensive, clear, and culturally acceptable tool as proven by the cognitive debriefing and clinical review processes. Conclusion: A culturally acceptable Arabic translation of the BDA tool was developed to be used in adolescent Arabic population with T1DM. 2020 ISPOR-The professional society for health economics and outcomes researchScopu

Impact of a pharmacist-delivered discharge and follow-up intervention for patients with acute coronary syndromes in Qatar: A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Secondary cardiovascular risk reduction therapy (consisting of an aspirin, a ?-blocker, an ACE inhibitor or an angiotensin II receptor blocker and a statin) is needed for all patients with ACS. Less than 80% of patients with ACS in Qatar use this combination after discharge. This study is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of clinical pharmacist-delivered intervention at discharge and tailored follow-up postdischarge on decreasing hospital readmissions, emergency department (ED) visits and mortality among patients with ACS. Methods and analysis: A prospective, randomised controlled trial will be conducted at the Heart Hospital in Qatar. Patients are eligible for enrolment if they are at least 18 years of age and are discharged from any non-surgical cardiology service with ACS. Participants will be randomised into 1 of 3 arms: (1) 'control' arm which includes patients discharged during weekends or after hours; (2) 'clinical pharmacist delivered usual care at discharge' arm which includes patients receiving the usual care at discharge by clinical pharmacists; and (3) 'clinical pharmacist-delivered structured intervention at discharge and tailored follow-up postdischarge' arm which includes patients receiving intensive structured discharge interventions in addition to 2 follow-up sessions by intervention clinical pharmacists. Outcomes will be measured by blinded research assistants at 3, 6 and 12 months after discharge and will include: all-cause hospitalisations and cardiac-related hospital readmissions (primary outcome), all-cause mortality including cardiac-related mortality, ED visits including cardiac-related ED visits, adherence to medications and treatment burden. Percentage of readmissions between the 3 arms will be compared on intent-to-treat basis using ?2 test with Bonferroni's adjusted pairwise comparisons if needed. Ethics and dissemination: The study was ethically approved by the Qatar University and the Hamad Medical Corporation Institutional Review Boards. The results shall be disseminated in international conferences and peer-reviewed publications.Scopu

Medication-Related Burden among Patients with Chronic Disease Conditions: Perspectives of Patients Attending Non-Communicable Disease Clinics in a Primary Healthcare Setting in Qatar

This study aimed to assess perceived medication-related burden among patients with multiple non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and to investigate the association between perceived burden and adherence to medication therapy. Using a cross-sectional study in three primary care clinics in Qatar, medication-related burden was measured using the Living with Medicines Questionnaire (LMQ) among adults with diabetes, with or without other comorbidities. Adherence was measured using the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS). Two hundred and ninety-three eligible patients participated in the study. The majority of them reported experiencing minimal (66.8%) to moderate (24.1%) medication-related burden. There was a significant positive correlation between the scores of the LMQ (medication-related burden) and ARMS (medication adherence), rs (253) = 0.317, p &lt; 0.0005

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially