Secondary metabolites, hormonal homeostasis, and antioxidant enzymes of Moringa oleifera in response to white or violet Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) combined with cytokinins under tissue culture conditions

The present study was carried out between 2021 and 2022 at the tissue culture lab and experimental station of the vegetable and floriculture department, faculty of agriculture, Mansoura University. Using mature seeds, Moringa oleifera is propagated on a large scale and in rapid succession by in vitro culture. Two types of cytokinin: 6-benzylaminopurin (BAP), and thidiauron (TDZ) singly at three different concentrations (0, 1, or 2 mg/L), were used, as well as light-emitting diode systems (LEDs) (white as control and violet; the combination of red and blue; 1:1). After incubation for 30 days, the obtained results showed that the survival percentage increased by the treatments with the maximum value (85%) by MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L TDZ, under violet LEDs illumination. However, the addition of thidiazuron (TDZ) to the medium did not propagate shoot, and this treatment recorded 100% callus formation other than BAP. The maximum number of axillary shoots per explant and the number of leaves recorded in the MS medium contained 2 mg/L BAP under violet LEDs. Compared to the control values, all the used treatments generally caused surprisingly stimulating the determined antioxidant enzymes and compounds (peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase &catalase and phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanin& ascorbic acid). Concerning the phytohormone content of the hormone-free medium (control), IAA, kinetin, and zeatin increased. Meanwhile, GA3 and ABA decreased with the used treatments

Association of the serum chemerin level with the development of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Background: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) correlates positively with elevated serum chemerin levels. This study was aimed at investigating the probable association between the serum chemerin level and the development of DR in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included Egyptians and classified them into four groups: group 1, including healthy individuals; group 2, including patients with T1DM without DR; group 3, including patients with T1DM with non-proliferative DR (NPDR); and group 4, including patients with T1DM with proliferative DR (PDR). The assessment included best-corrected distance visual acuity assessment, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, funduscopy, fundus fluorescein angiography, and macular ocular coherence tomography. Fasting blood samples were obtained from all participants to measure serum chemerin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglyceride, and creatinine levels. Serum chemerin levels were compared among the groups, and their correlations with age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and creatinine levels were analyzed. Results: We recruited 209 participants, including 46 healthy individuals in group 1, 52 patients (T1DM and no DR) in group 2, 61 patients (T1DM and NPDR) in group 3, and 50 patients (T1DM and PDR) in group 4, with comparable mean ages and sex ratios among groups. The diabetes duration, body mass index, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and serum chemerin levels differed significantly among the groups (all P < 0.001), whereas the creatinine level did not (P > 0.05). The serum chemerin level was significantly higher in group 4 than in groups 3 and 2, in group 3 than in group 2, and in groups 3 and 4 than in group 1 (all P < 0.001). However, it was comparable between groups 1 and 2 (P > 0.05). It correlated with the duration of T1DM and HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and creatinine levels but not with age. Conclusions: Patients with T1DM with DR showed higher serum chemerin levels than those with T1DM without DR or healthy individuals. Serum chemerin levels were higher in those with PDR than in those with NPDR. Thus, serum chemerin levels are a potential biomarker of the development and severity of DR in patients with T1DM. Nevertheless, future diagnostic accuracy studies are required to confirm these potential applications

Secondary metabolites, hormonal homeostasis, and antioxidant enzymes of Moringa oleifera in response to white or violet Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) combined with cytokinins under tissue culture conditions

The present study was carried out between 2021 and 2022 at the tissue culture lab and experimental station of the vegetable and floriculture department, faculty of agriculture, Mansoura University. Using mature seeds, Moringa oleifera is propagated on a large scale and in rapid succession by in vitro culture. Two types of cytokinin: 6-benzylaminopurin (BAP), and thidiauron (TDZ) singly at three different concentrations (0, 1, or 2 mg/L), were used, as well as light-emitting diode systems (LEDs) (white as control and violet; the combination of red and blue; 1:1). After incubation for 30 days, the obtained results showed that the survival percentage increased by the treatments with the maximum value (85%) by MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L TDZ, under violet LEDs illumination. However, the addition of thidiazuron (TDZ) to the medium did not propagate shoot, and this treatment recorded 100% callus formation other than BAP. The maximum number of axillary shoots per explant and the number of leaves recorded in the MS medium contained 2 mg/L BAP under violet LEDs. Compared to the control values, all the used treatments generally caused surprisingly stimulating the determined antioxidant enzymes and compounds (peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase &catalase and phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanin& ascorbic acid). Concerning the phytohormone content of the hormone-free medium (control), IAA, kinetin, and zeatin increased. Meanwhile, GA3 and ABA decreased with the used treatments

The Effect of Basalt Fiber on Mechanical, Microstructural, and High-Temperature Properties of Fly Ash-Based and Basalt Powder Waste-Filled Sustainable Geopolymer Mortar

As the human population grows and technology advances, the demand for concrete and cement grows. However, it is critical to propose alternative ecologically suitable options to cement, the primary binder in concrete. Numerous researchers have recently concentrated their efforts on geopolymer mortars to accomplish this objective. The effects of basalt fiber (BF) on a geopolymer based on fly ash (FA) and basalt powder waste (BP) filled were studied in this research. The compressive and flexural strength, Charpy impact, and capillary water absorption tests were performed on produced samples after 28 days. Then, produced samples were exposed to the high-temperature test. Weight change, flexural strength, compressive strength, UPV, and microstructural tests of the specimens were performed after and before the effect of the high temperature. In addition, the results tests conducted on the specimens were compared after and before the high-temperature test. The findings indicated that BF had beneficial benefits, mainly when 1.2 percent BF was used. When the findings of samples containing 1.2 percent BF exposed to various temperatures were analyzed, it was revealed that it could increase compressive strength by up to 18 percent and flexural strength by up to 44 percent. In this study, the addition of BF to fly ash-based geopolymer samples improved the high-temperature resistance and mechanical properties

Investigation of the Mechanical, Microstructure and 3D Fractal Analysis of Nanocalcite-Modified Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable Cementitious Composites

Unlike conventional concrete materials, Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) use a micromechanics-based design theory in the material design process. Recently, the use of nanoparticles in various concretes and mortars has increased. This study used nanocalcite to investigate the mechanical, microstructural fractal analysis of environmentally friendly nanocalcite-doped ECC (NCa-ECC). This paper investigated the effects of nanocalcite (NCa) with different contents (0.5, 1, and 1.5% by mass of binder) on the mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites (ECC). For this purpose, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and flexural strength tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of the ECC series. In addition, SEM analyses were carried out to investigate the microstructural properties of the ECC series. The content of nanocalcite improved the mechanical and microstructural properties of the nanocalcite-modified ECC series. In addition, the 1 NCa series (1% nanocalcite modified to the mass of the binder) had the best performance among the series used in this study

A facile synthesis of pyrimido[2<i>"</i>,3<i>"</i>:5<i>'</i>,1′]pyrazolo [3′,4′:4,5]pyrimido[1,6-<i>a</i>] benzimidazoles and [1,2,4]triazino[3<i>"</i>,4<i>"</i>:5<i>'</i>, l′]pyrazolo[3′,4′:4,5]-pyrimido[6,1-<i>a</i>]benzimidazoles

284-289Thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrimido[1 ,6-a]benzimidazoles 4-7 have been synthesized by the reaction of 3-mercaptopyrimido[1,6-a]benzimidazole with halo ketones and halo esters, respectively. 3-Aminopyrazolo[3',4':5,6]pyrimido[1,6-a]benzimidazole 9 reacted with acetylacetone, ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl benzoyl acetate, ethyl α-chloroacetoacetate and β-aryl acyanoacrylonitriles to give pyrimido[2",3":5',1']pyrazolo[3',4':4,5]pyrimido[1,6-a]benzimidazoles 13, 14a,b, 15, 19a-e, respectively. Diazonium salt 20 coupled with each of malononitrile, benzoylacetonitrile, ethyl cyanoacetatc, acetylacetone, diethyl malonate and β-keto esters to give [1,2,4]triazino[3",4":5',1']pyrazolo[3',4' :4,5]pyrimido[6,1-a] benzimidazoles 21-25a,b, respectively. Structures of the synthesized compounds are confirmed on the basis of elemental analyses, and spectral data

<span style="font-size:21.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt">A facile synthesis of [1,2,4]triazino[<span style="font-size:22.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-style:italic">4<i>,</i>5<i>-a</i><span style="font-size:21.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:14.0pt">]benzimidazoles, pyrazolo[5,1-<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">c</i>]triazines), triazolo[5,1<i>-c </i>]triazines and pyrido[1<i>,</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic">2<i>-a </i>]benzimidazoles </span></span></span></span>

202-209Triazino[4,5-a]benzimidazoles <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">4 and 9 have been obtained by coupling of arenediazonium chlorides with ethyl (1-ethoxycarbonyl)benzimidazole-2-acetate. Pyrazolo[5,1-c ]triazines 8a-c and triazolo[5,1-c ]triazines 8d have been synthesized via coupling of diazotized heterocyclic amines with ethyl benzimidazole-2-acetate 1. Ethyl benzimidazole-2-acetate 1 reacts with 1,1-dicyano-2-substituted ethenes 13 and 1-cyano- 1-ethoxycarbonyl- 2-substituted ethenes 17 to give pyrido[1,2-a ]benzimidazoles 14 and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">23, respectively. Compound 14 can be converted to 16 by hydrogen peroxide. Structures of the newely synthesised compounds are confirmed on the basis of elemental analyses, spectral data and alternative methods whenever possible.</span

Investigation of the Mechanical, Microstructure and 3D Fractal Analysis of Nanocalcite-Modified Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable Cementitious Composites

Unlike conventional concrete materials, Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) use a micromechanics-based design theory in the material design process. Recently, the use of nanoparticles in various concretes and mortars has increased. This study used nanocalcite to investigate the mechanical, microstructural fractal analysis of environmentally friendly nanocalcite-doped ECC (NCa-ECC). This paper investigated the effects of nanocalcite (NCa) with different contents (0.5, 1, and 1.5% by mass of binder) on the mechanical properties of engineered cementitious composites (ECC). For this purpose, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and flexural strength tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical properties of the ECC series. In addition, SEM analyses were carried out to investigate the microstructural properties of the ECC series. The content of nanocalcite improved the mechanical and microstructural properties of the nanocalcite-modified ECC series. In addition, the 1 NCa series (1% nanocalcite modified to the mass of the binder) had the best performance among the series used in this study