Truth-conditional variability of color ascriptions: empirical results concerning the polysemy hypothesis

Recent experimental work has shown that the truth-value judgments of color predications, i.e. utterances of the form “the leaves on my tree are green” or “these walls are brown,” are influenced by slight changes in the context of utterance (Hansen and Chemla 2013, Ziółkowski, 2021). Most explanations of this phenomenon focus on the semantics of color adjectives. However, it is not clear if these explanations do justice to the nuances of the empirical data on context-sensitivity of color predications (Ziółkowski, 2021). In contrast to the adjectival explanations, Agustin Vicente (2015) has recently proposed that the context-sensitivity of color predications can be explained by invoking the polysemy of the noun. In this paper, we present the results of three studies designed to empirically test this hypothesis: a traditional survey experiment (Study 1), an exploratory correlational study inspired by the semantic integration paradigm (Study 2a), and a follow-up experiment (Study 2b) that was designed to mitigate possible shortcomings of Study 2a. The results of our studies present preliminary evidence against Vicente’s theory

Multidrug-resistant micro-organisms associated with urinary tract infections in orthopedic patients : a retrospective laboratory-based study

Background: The risk of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in surgical wards remains closely related to the type of surgery and procedures performed on patients. Those factors also condition the risk of various forms of clinical infections, especially urinary tract infections (UTIs). UTIs are most frequently (70–80% of cases) caused by the use of bladder catheter in the perioperative period. The aim of this study was to perform an epidemiological and microbiological analysis of UTIs in orthopedic patients, with an emphasis on multidrug-resistant (MDR) micro-organisms. Methods: The study was conducted in a 38-bed Department of Orthopedic-Traumatic Surgery in Sosnowiec, Poland. 5239 patients, operated on in 2013–2015, were included in the study. The urinary catheter use rate was 30.7%. Laboratory-based study used the UTI definition of the HAI-Net program. A micro-organism was declared MDR if it was resistant to at least one antibiotic from three or more groups of antibacterial drugs, and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) if it was sensitive to antibiotics from no more than two groups of drugs. Results: The UTI incidence was 3.2% (168 cases), the CA-UTI incidence density was 9.6/1000 catheter days. The highest risk of UTI was found in patients aged 75 or older. Monomicrobial cultures were detected in 163 specimens (78% of all microbiologically confirmed UTIs). Gram-negative flora prevailed among the micro-organisms, the predominantly isolated Enterobacteriaceae being Escherichiacoli and Klebsiellapneumoniae. In 16 patients (7.7% of microbiologically confirmed UTIs), yeast infection was confirmed. Isolated micro-organisms were fully sensitive to carbapenems. Gram-negative bacilli showed the lowest sensitivity to extended substrate spectrum penicillins and fluoroquinolones (37–64%), as well as to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (50%). The MDR prevalence was 24.4%. Conclusions: The presented data indicates that UTIs are a significant problem in the studied population, so is antimicrobial resistance, especially to quinolones, and extended-spectrum cephalosporins, which are often used as first-line therapy. To tackle the problem of high UTI incidence and MDR prevalence, reducing the UTI risk factors should be prioritized

Stymulacja owulacji

Brak owulacji dotyczy około 15–25% kobiet z rozpoznaną niepłodnością. Stymulacja owulacji jest metodą leczeniazaburzeń owulacji i polega na pobudzeniu rozwoju pęcherzyka jajnikowego. Postępowanie to jest zarezerwowanedla kobiet z brakiem owulacji. Prawidłowo przeprowadzone leczenie daje dobre rezultaty. W ostatnich latachwprowadzono nowe metody leczenia zaburzeń owulacji. Cytrynian klomifenu pozostaje nadal lekiem pierwszegowyboru, ale wyniki aktualnych badań zdecydowanie przemawiają za zastąpieniem tego preparatu letrozolem.Metformina stosowana w monoterapii ma ograniczoną skuteczność, jednak w niektórych sytuacjach może miećzastosowanie jako lek zwiększający insulinowrażliwość. Gonadotropiny w tzw. protokole step-up pozostają lekamidrugiego wyboru.Zgodnie z aktualnymi badaniami stymulacja owulacji jest bezpieczną i skuteczną metodą leczenia niepłodnościspowodowanej brakiem owulacji

Effects of exercise of different intensity on gut peptides, energy intake and appetite in young males

Introduction and research aims: The aim of the work was an evaluation of the impact of physical exertion on the regulating of food intake and digestive system hormone release as well as the partly connected phenomenon of evaluating the subjective sensation of hunger and the amount of food consumed at various time following physical exercise. Materials and methods: The tests covered 12 young, healthy men, for whom the effects of physical exertion of a moderate and high intensity on the subjective sensation of hunger/satiety, evaluated by means of visual analogue scales, on food intake as well as on the metabolic and hormonal parameters were tested. Results: Physical exertion resulted in a fall in the subjective sensation of hunger, but only following intensive exertion was this statistically significant. The intake of food was greater after exertion when compared to the control group. Moderate exertion resulted in a statistically significant but short-lived increase in the ghrelin level. This effect was not observed after intensive exertion, while in those tests during the post-meal period there occurred a fall in the concentration of ghrelin in the plasma. After exertion a physical fall was observed in the concentration of insulin in the plasma, for the intake of food resulted in a notable increase in its level. Conclusions: Physical highly intensive exertion, results in a temporary reduction in the subjective sensation of hunger but leads to an increased food intake. The current research suggests that moderate but not intensive physical exertion stimulates the secretion of ghrelin

Testing the Dynamics of Flight for the Products of Explosion for a Warhead with a Weight of 250 kg

This study presents the results of the testing of the explosion process of a warhead with a weight of 250 kg, filled with 87 kg of TNT with 20% of aluminium dust, in two configurations: with horizontal and vertical alignment of the warheads longitudinal axis, and with the centre of length of the warhead body located at a height of approx. 1 m above the ground. Four warheads were detonated in each configuration. The horizontal configuration allowed the collection of some amount of the fragments from the ground, with sizes and spatial distribution of the fragments corresponding to the location on the body from which they came, with the largest fragments from the central part of the shell measuring approximately 9 30 280 mm. For the vertical configuration, the warheads nose was pointed downwards, with an up-down excitation. In both configurations, the explosion process was recorded from a distance of 300 m using a PHANTOM fast camera with a time resolution (frame interval) of 55 s to 133 s: for the horizontal configuration along the bodys longitudinal axis, for the vertical configuration perpendicular to this axis. In the vertical configuration, the bodys expansion process was recorded using short-circuit sensors spaced every 5 mm along the flight radius. The sensors sent short-circuit signals to the time meter, whereas the first sensor was installed at a distance of approx. 1 mm from the body surface and was used to initiate the processes of time counting and recording the overpressure diagrams over time at the front of the explosion/shock (FU) wave. The recorded expansion velocity was approx. 1300 m/s, with the shell radius increasing by 20 mm. Overpressure at the front of the FU was measured by PCB pencil-tip piezoelectric sensors (CzP). Every sensor had two active surfaces arranged in tandem at a distance of 100 mm, which made it possible to determine the local FU velocity. Signals from CzP were recorded every 200 ns using a DEWETRON recorder with software allowing their initial and further processing. Three sensors were spaced 8 m from each other, whereas the first was located 8 m to 10 m from the warheads longitudinal axis. Under a row of the sensors a thick-wall steel pipe was placed to protect the sensors from destruction by the fragments. The determined local FU velocities varied from approx. (590 m/s to 740 m/s) at a distance of approx. 8 m from the epicentre up to approx. 370 m/s at a distance of approx. 26 m from the epicentre; the overpressure measured values varied from approx. (230 kPa to 550 kPa) at a distance of approx. 8 m to approx. 22 kPa at a distance of approx. 26 m from the epicentre; satisfying conformance of the velocity and pressure values under the flat FU model was found. The FU trajectory was also taken from the video recording the velocities measured varied from approx. 2,650 m/s at a distance of 0.3 m to approx. 670 m/s at a distance of 6 m from the epicentre, which corresponds to the CzP data. The fragments flying next to the CzP, generally with the highest mass to effective transverse surface ratio, left traces of their conical FU on the CzP overpressure records, which allowed the determination of average velocities for some of them across the access path to the CzP, whereas these velocities ranged from approx. 1700 m/s at a distance of approx. 8 m and (1500 m/s to 1600 m/s) at a distance of 16 m to approx. 1300 to 1400 m/s at a distance of 26 m from the epicentre. Average access velocities of the selected fragments to the field marks were determined on the basis of the video recording ranged from approx. 1800 m/s at a distance of 5 m to approx. 1500 m/s at a distance of 20 m from the explosion epicentre

The rationale for Multilevel Educational and Motivational Intervention in Patients after Myocardial Infarction (MEDMOTION) project is to support multicentre randomized clinical trial Evaluating Safety and Efficacy of Two Ticagrelor-based De-escalation Antiplatelet Strategies in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ELECTRA – SIRIO 2)

The Multilevel Educational and Motivational Intervention in Patients after Myocardial Infarction (MEDMOTION) project will be adopted to support adherence to the study treatment in the Evaluation Safety and Efficacy of Two Ticagrelor-based De-escalation Antiplatelet Strategies in Acute Coronary Syndrome (ELECTRA-SIRIO 2) a randomized clinical trial.A prespecified sub-analysis of the ELECTRA-SIRIO 2 trial will be performed to evaluate the impact of the results of MEDMOTION diagnostic questionnaires on the clinical outcomes.The study population will comprise of 4,500 patients consecutively admitted to the study centres due to acute coronary syndrome. The MEDMOTION project involves the following interventions: patients’ education, motivation, reminding to take medications and to attend consecutive medical appointments. Dedicated questionnaires will be applied to diagnose study participants with regard to their readiness for discharge from the hospital at the end of initial hospitalization, the risk of non-adherence to the medication at the end of 3rd and 12th month of follow up, and the functioning in disease at the end of 3rd and 12th month of follow up. The primary safety composite endpoint of this study is type 2, 3 or 5 bleeding according to the BARC criteria, occurring during the first 12 months after ACS. The primary efficacy endpoint is the composite of death from any cause, the first nonfatal MI, or the first nonfatal stroke. The key secondary endpoint, net clinical effect, was defined as the composite of death from any cause, a nonfatal MI or a nonfatal stroke, and the first occurrence of BARC type 2, 3, or 5 bleeding.Concluding, it is expected that the comprehensive approach designed in the MEDMOTION project, including use of diagnostic questionnaires, will significantly contribute to obtaining a high level of adherence to medication and improving clinical outcomes in the ELECTRA-SIRIO 2 trial

Floor defects in quarters over railway tunnel caused by design and construction errors

The main subject of this paper is a floor in the quarters located above the railway tunnel in the large-area Shopping Center. The considered floor did not meet the satisfactory safety conditions, as a result of design and construction errors, which were a direct cause of the failure. In the long term, failure could lead to a construction disaster